Abstract
Organic producers in the northeastern USA have difficulty establishing cover crops after soybean [ Glycine Max (L.) Merr.] harvest. We interseeded species into soybean on an organic farm without livestock to identify cover crops that do not interfere with soybean harvest, provide significant ground cover, and increase subsequent corn ( Zea mays L.) yields. Foenugreek ( Trigonella foenum‐graceum L.), rye ( Secale cereale L.), wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), strawberry clover ( Trifolium fragiferum L.), and Austrian winter pea ( Dolichos lignosus L.) did not meet establishment and height requirements at the time of harvest. White clover ( Trifolium repens L.), red clover ( Trifolium pratense L.), barrel medic ( Medicago lupulina L.), alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.), annual ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum L.), and creeping red fescue ( Festuca rubra L.) met these requirements and generally provided >30% ground cover. Interseeded grasses provided the most biomass (0.5–1.1 Mg ha −1 ) at spring plowdown. Interseeded legumes did not establish well in 1996–1997 and produced only 0.1 to 0.2 Mg ha −1 biomass in 1997. Corn yielded more following Dutch white clover (7.2 Mg ha −1 ) and medium red clover (6.7 Mg ha −1 ) than following no cover (5.7 Mg ha −1 ) in 1996 but yielded the same in 1997 (5.7, 6.3, and 6.2 Mg ha −1 , respectively). Corn yielded less following annual ryegrass (5.3 Mg ha −1 ) and creeping red fescue (5.1 Mg ha −1 ) than following no cover in 1997. More research is needed to identify conditions that would reduce the risk of poor establishment of interseeded legumes or reduced corn yields following interseeded grasses.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Foenugreek, rye and wheat did not meet harvest establishment and height requirements.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Foenugreek ( Trigonella foenum‐graceum L.), rye ( Secale cereale L.), wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), strawberry clover ( Trifolium fragiferum L.), and Austrian winter pea ( Dolichos lignosus L.) did not meet establishment and height requirements at the time of harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
White clover, red clover and barrel medic met harvest requirements and generally gave more than 30% ground cover.
- Taxon
- White clover
Trifolium repense0 - Outcome
- ground covere0
- Value
- >30%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“White clover ( Trifolium repens L.), red clover ( Trifolium pratense L.), barrel medic ( Medicago lupulina L.), alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.), annual ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum L.), and creeping red fescue ( Festuca rubra L.) met these requirements and generally provided >30% ground cover”
Claim · model-written summary
Interseeded grasses produced 0.5–1.1 Mg ha −1 at spring plowdown.
Verbatim
e0“Interseeded grasses provided the most biomass (0.5–1.1 Mg ha −1 ) at spring plowdown”
Claim · model-written summary
Interseeded legumes established poorly in 1996–1997.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Interseeded legumes did not establish well in 1996–1997”
Claim · model-written summary
Interseeded legumes produced 0.1 to 0.2 Mg ha −1 biomass in 1997.
Verbatim
e0“produced only 0.1 to 0.2 Mg ha −1 biomass in 1997”
e1“Interseeded legumes”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn yielded more after Dutch white clover than no cover in 1996.
- Taxon
- Corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- Dutch white clovere0
- Outcome
- yieldede0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 7.2 Mg ha −1e0
- Comparator
- no covere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn yielded more following Dutch white clover (7.2 Mg ha −1 ) and medium red clover (6.7 Mg ha −1 ) than following no cover (5.7 Mg ha −1 ) in 1996”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn yielded more after medium red clover than no cover in 1996.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- medium red clovere0
- Outcome
- yieldede0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 6.7 Mg ha −1e0
- Comparator
- no covere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn yielded more following Dutch white clover (7.2 Mg ha −1 ) and medium red clover (6.7 Mg ha −1 ) than following no cover (5.7 Mg ha −1 ) in 1996”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn yield was the same after Dutch white clover and no cover in 1997.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- Dutch white clovere1
- Outcome
- yieldede0
- Direction
- the samee0
- Value
- 5.7e0
- Comparator
- no covere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but yielded the same in 1997 (5.7, 6.3, and 6.2 Mg ha −1 , respectively)”
e1“Corn yielded more following Dutch white clover (7.2 Mg ha −1 ) and medium red clover (6.7 Mg ha −1 ) than following no cover (5.7 Mg ha −1 ) in 1996”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn yielded less after annual ryegrass than no cover in 1997.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- annual ryegrasse0
- Outcome
- yieldede0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 5.3 Mg ha −1e0
- Comparator
- no covere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn yielded less following annual ryegrass (5.3 Mg ha −1 ) and creeping red fescue (5.1 Mg ha −1 ) than following no cover in 1997”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn yielded less after creeping red fescue than no cover in 1997.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- creeping red fescuee0
- Outcome
- yieldede0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 5.1 Mg ha −1e0
- Comparator
- no covere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn yielded less following annual ryegrass (5.3 Mg ha −1 ) and creeping red fescue (5.1 Mg ha −1 ) than following no cover in 1997”
The same questions in other papers
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- positive
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- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 7 papers →in vitro · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
43 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
48 papers more in this group
See all 52 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.