Abstract
White clover (Trifolium repens L.) and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) are widely used cover crops. This experiment investigated the potential of white clover (WC), ryegrass (RG), and fallow (FL) to inhibit the growth of weeds and the effect of their residue return to the field on subsequent crops in a cover crop-corn rotation system. Furthermore, we designed pot experiments to guide the scientific application of WC and RG. The results showed that the FL treatment had the highest mean weed biomass in two years (11.99 t ha−1) and the RG treatment recorded the lowest mean weed biomass in two years (2.04 t ha−1) as its early growth rate and aerial root cover. The combination of rotary tillage (RT) and WC recorded the highest total corn yield in two years (20.20 t ha−1) and an increase of 2.84% in the two-year average biomass of weeds compared to RT-FL. Compared to RT-FL, RT-RG treatments inhibited weed invasion by an average of 73%, but corn yield was reduced by 3.25%. Straw and soil ratios above 6:100 for RG resulted in stunted corn growth, including a reduction in fresh weight and chlorophyll content, and impaired photosynthesis, but this effect was not evident in WC treatment. From an ecological point of view, this study recommends RT-RG as a pre-crop for corn to reduce herbicide use.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Fallow had the highest two-year mean weed biomass at 11.99 t ha−1.
- Taxon
- Corn
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Treatment
- FL treatmente0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed biomasse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 11.99 t ha−1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the FL treatment had the highest mean weed biomass in two years (11.99 t ha−1)”
t0“Weed Suppression and Corn Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Ryegrass had the lowest two-year mean weed biomass at 2.04 t ha−1.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- RG treatmente0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed biomasse0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 2.04 t ha−1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the RG treatment recorded the lowest mean weed biomass in two years (2.04 t ha−1)”
t0“Weed Suppression and Corn Yield”
e1“ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotary tillage with white clover gave the highest two-year total corn yield of 20.20 t ha−1.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- rotary tillage (RT) and WCe0
- Outcome
- total corn yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 20.20 t ha−1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combination of rotary tillage (RT) and WC recorded the highest total corn yield in two years (20.20 t ha−1)”
t0“Corn Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotary tillage with white clover increased two-year average weed biomass by 2.84% versus rotary tillage fallow.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- rotary tillage (RT) and WCe1
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- biomass of weedse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 2.84%e0
- Comparator
- RT-FLe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an increase of 2.84% in the two-year average biomass of weeds compared to RT-FL”
e1“The combination of rotary tillage (RT) and WC”
t0“Corn Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotary tillage with ryegrass inhibited weed invasion by 73% versus rotary tillage fallow.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- RT-RG treatmentse0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed invasione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 73%e0
- Comparator
- RT-FLe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to RT-FL, RT-RG treatments inhibited weed invasion by an average of 73%”
t0“Corn Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotary tillage with ryegrass reduced corn yield by 3.25%.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- RT-RG treatmentse1
- Outcome
- corn yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 3.25%e0
- Comparator
- RT-FLe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“corn yield was reduced by 3.25%”
e1“Compared to RT-FL, RT-RG treatments inhibited weed invasion by an average of 73%, but corn yield was reduced by 3.25%”
Claim · model-written summary
Ryegrass straw to soil ratios above 6:100 stunted corn growth and reduced fresh weight and chlorophyll content while impairing photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Straw and soil ratios above 6:100 for RGe0
- Outcome
- corn growth, including a reduction in fresh weight and chlorophyll content, and impaired photosynthesise0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Straw and soil ratios above 6:100 for RG resulted in stunted corn growth, including a reduction in fresh weight and chlorophyll content, and impaired photosynthesis”
Claim · model-written summary
The ryegrass straw effect was not evident with white clover.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- WC treatmente0
- Outcome
- this effect was not evidente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this effect was not evident in WC treatment”
e1“Straw and soil ratios above 6:100 for RG resulted in stunted corn growth”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend rotary tillage with ryegrass as a pre-crop for corn to reduce herbicide use.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Outcome
- RT-RG as a pre-crop for corn to reduce herbicide usee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this study recommends RT-RG as a pre-crop for corn to reduce herbicide use”
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