Abstract
Abstract Late leaf spot (LLS, Phaeoisariopsis personata) and rust (Puccinia arachidis) are the two major biotic constraints of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) of global importance. To identify economic and eco-friendly disease management options, we evaluated extracts of 38 plant spp. of 23 families, for their antifungal activity. Aqueous leaf extracts (20%, w/v) of Prosopis juliflora and Lycopersicon esculentum completely inhibited the in vitro germination of P. personata and P. arachidis, and extracts of Achras sapota, Cyamposis tetragonolobus, Piper betle and Tagetus patula were inhibitory by >95%. In the greenhouse, the severity of LLS and rust corresponded with the time interval between the foliar application of leaf extract and fungal inoculum. Extract of P. juliflora (2%, w/v) in simultaneous application reduced the lesion frequency of LLS and rust by ∼75%, and 35.7% and 50.7% in a prophylactic spray of 96 h before the pathogen inoculation. The extract had no effect on the phenolic content of groundnut leaves both during LLS and rust infections. In the field, P. juliflora extract applied four times at 15-day intervals, was effective against LLS and rust up to 95 days after sowing (d.a.s.). Foliar application of P. juliflora extract at 45, 75 and 90 d.a.s. and chlorothalonil at 60 d.a.s. effectively reduced foliar diseases severity and increased the pod yields by 81–98%. This study identified P. juliflora extract as a significant component for the integrated management of groundnut foliar diseases.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Aqueous Prosopis juliflora leaf extract completely inhibited in vitro germination of P. personata and P. arachidis
- Taxon
- groundnut
Arachis hypogaeae0 - Treatment
- Aqueous leaf extracts (20%, w/v) of Prosopis juliflorae1
- Interactor
- P. personataNothopassalora personatae1pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. arachidis
Puccinia arachidise1pathogen - Outcome
- in vitro germinatione1
- Direction
- completely inhibitede1
- Setting
- in vitroe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Late leaf spot (LLS, Phaeoisariopsis personata) and rust (Puccinia arachidis) are the two major biotic constraints of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
e1“Aqueous leaf extracts (20%, w/v) of Prosopis juliflora and Lycopersicon esculentum completely inhibited the in vitro germination of P. personata and P. arachidis”
Claim · model-written summary
Aqueous Lycopersicon esculentum leaf extract completely inhibited in vitro germination of P. personata and P. arachidis
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- Lycopersicon esculentume1
- Interactor
- P. personataNothopassalora personatae1pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. arachidisPuccinia arachidise1pathogen
- Outcome
- in vitro germinatione1
- Direction
- completely inhibitede1
- Setting
- in vitroe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Late leaf spot (LLS, Phaeoisariopsis personata) and rust (Puccinia arachidis) are the two major biotic constraints of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
e1“Aqueous leaf extracts (20%, w/v) of Prosopis juliflora and Lycopersicon esculentum completely inhibited the in vitro germination of P. personata and P. arachidis”
Claim · model-written summary
Achras sapota leaf extract inhibited in vitro germination of the groundnut pathogens by more than 95%
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- Achras sapotae2
- Interactor
- P. personataNothopassalora personatae1pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. arachidisPuccinia arachidise1pathogen
- Outcome
- in vitro germinatione1
- Direction
- inhibitorye2
- Value
- >95%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Late leaf spot (LLS, Phaeoisariopsis personata) and rust (Puccinia arachidis) are the two major biotic constraints of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
e1“Aqueous leaf extracts (20%, w/v) of Prosopis juliflora and Lycopersicon esculentum completely inhibited the in vitro germination of P. personata and P. arachidis”
e2“extracts of Achras sapota, Cyamposis tetragonolobus, Piper betle and Tagetus patula were inhibitory by >95%”
Claim · model-written summary
Cyamposis tetragonolobus leaf extract inhibited in vitro germination of the groundnut pathogens by more than 95%
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- Cyamposis tetragonolobuse2
- Interactor
- P. personataNothopassalora personatae1pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. arachidisPuccinia arachidise1pathogen
- Outcome
- in vitro germinatione1
- Direction
- inhibitorye2
- Value
- >95%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Late leaf spot (LLS, Phaeoisariopsis personata) and rust (Puccinia arachidis) are the two major biotic constraints of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
e1“Aqueous leaf extracts (20%, w/v) of Prosopis juliflora and Lycopersicon esculentum completely inhibited the in vitro germination of P. personata and P. arachidis”
e2“extracts of Achras sapota, Cyamposis tetragonolobus, Piper betle and Tagetus patula were inhibitory by >95%”
Claim · model-written summary
Piper betle leaf extract inhibited in vitro germination of the groundnut pathogens by more than 95%
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- Piper betlee2
- Interactor
- P. personataNothopassalora personatae1pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. arachidisPuccinia arachidise1pathogen
- Outcome
- in vitro germinatione1
- Direction
- inhibitorye2
- Value
- >95%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Late leaf spot (LLS, Phaeoisariopsis personata) and rust (Puccinia arachidis) are the two major biotic constraints of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
e1“Aqueous leaf extracts (20%, w/v) of Prosopis juliflora and Lycopersicon esculentum completely inhibited the in vitro germination of P. personata and P. arachidis”
e2“extracts of Achras sapota, Cyamposis tetragonolobus, Piper betle and Tagetus patula were inhibitory by >95%”
Claim · model-written summary
Tagetus patula leaf extract inhibited in vitro germination of the groundnut pathogens by more than 95%
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- Tagetus patulae2
- Interactor
- P. personataNothopassalora personatae1pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. arachidisPuccinia arachidise1pathogen
- Outcome
- in vitro germinatione1
- Direction
- inhibitorye2
- Value
- >95%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Late leaf spot (LLS, Phaeoisariopsis personata) and rust (Puccinia arachidis) are the two major biotic constraints of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
e1“Aqueous leaf extracts (20%, w/v) of Prosopis juliflora and Lycopersicon esculentum completely inhibited the in vitro germination of P. personata and P. arachidis”
e2“extracts of Achras sapota, Cyamposis tetragonolobus, Piper betle and Tagetus patula were inhibitory by >95%”
Claim · model-written summary
In the greenhouse, severity of late leaf spot and rust was associated with the interval between extract application and inoculation
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- foliar application of leaf extracte1
- Interactor
- Phaeoisariopsis personataNothopassalora personatae0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Puccinia arachidisPuccinia arachidise0pathogen
- Outcome
- severity of LLS and ruste1
- Setting
- greenhousee1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Late leaf spot (LLS, Phaeoisariopsis personata) and rust (Puccinia arachidis) are the two major biotic constraints of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
e1“In the greenhouse, the severity of LLS and rust corresponded with the time interval between the foliar application of leaf extract and fungal inoculum”
Claim · model-written summary
Prosopis juliflora extract at 2% reduced lesion frequency of late leaf spot and rust by about 75% with simultaneous application
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- Extract of P. juliflora (2%, w/v) in simultaneous applicatione1
- Interactor
- Phaeoisariopsis personataNothopassalora personatae0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Puccinia arachidisPuccinia arachidise0pathogen
- Outcome
- lesion frequencye1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- ∼75%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Late leaf spot (LLS, Phaeoisariopsis personata) and rust (Puccinia arachidis) are the two major biotic constraints of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
e1“Extract of P. juliflora (2%, w/v) in simultaneous application reduced the lesion frequency of LLS and rust by ∼75%, and 35.7% and 50.7% in a prophylactic spray of 96 h before the pathogen inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
Prosopis juliflora extract sprayed 96 h before inoculation reduced late leaf spot lesion frequency by 35.7%
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- Extract of P. juliflora (2%, w/v)e1
- Interactor
- Phaeoisariopsis personataNothopassalora personatae0pathogen
- Outcome
- lesion frequencye1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 35.7%e1
- Qualifier
- prophylactic spray of 96 h before the pathogen inoculatione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Late leaf spot (LLS, Phaeoisariopsis personata) and rust (Puccinia arachidis) are the two major biotic constraints of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
e1“Extract of P. juliflora (2%, w/v) in simultaneous application reduced the lesion frequency of LLS and rust by ∼75%, and 35.7% and 50.7% in a prophylactic spray of 96 h before the pathogen inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
Prosopis juliflora extract sprayed 96 h before inoculation reduced rust lesion frequency by 50.7%
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- Extract of P. juliflora (2%, w/v)e1
- Interactor
- Puccinia arachidisPuccinia arachidise0pathogen
- Outcome
- lesion frequencye1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 50.7%e1
- Qualifier
- prophylactic spray of 96 h before the pathogen inoculatione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Late leaf spot (LLS, Phaeoisariopsis personata) and rust (Puccinia arachidis) are the two major biotic constraints of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
e1“Extract of P. juliflora (2%, w/v) in simultaneous application reduced the lesion frequency of LLS and rust by ∼75%, and 35.7% and 50.7% in a prophylactic spray of 96 h before the pathogen inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
Prosopis juliflora extract had no effect on phenolic content of groundnut leaves during late leaf spot and rust infection
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- extracte1
- Interactor
- Phaeoisariopsis personataNothopassalora personatae0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Puccinia arachidisPuccinia arachidise0pathogen
- Outcome
- phenolic content of groundnut leavese1
- Direction
- no effecte1
- Qualifier
- both during LLS and rust infectionse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Late leaf spot (LLS, Phaeoisariopsis personata) and rust (Puccinia arachidis) are the two major biotic constraints of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
e1“The extract had no effect on the phenolic content of groundnut leaves both during LLS and rust infections”
Claim · model-written summary
Prosopis juliflora extract applied four times at 15-day intervals was effective against late leaf spot and rust in the field up to 95 days after sowing
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- P. juliflora extract applied four times at 15-day intervalse1
- Interactor
- Phaeoisariopsis personataNothopassalora personatae0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Puccinia arachidisPuccinia arachidise0pathogen
- Outcome
- LLS and ruste1
- Direction
- effectivee1
- Qualifier
- up to 95 days after sowing (d.a.s.)e1
- Setting
- the fielde1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Late leaf spot (LLS, Phaeoisariopsis personata) and rust (Puccinia arachidis) are the two major biotic constraints of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
e1“In the field, P. juliflora extract applied four times at 15-day intervals, was effective against LLS and rust up to 95 days after sowing (d.a.s.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Prosopis juliflora extract applied at 45, 75 and 90 d.a.s. reduced foliar disease severity in groundnut
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- Foliar application of P. juliflora extract at 45, 75 and 90 d.a.s.e1
- Outcome
- foliar diseases severitye1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Late leaf spot (LLS, Phaeoisariopsis personata) and rust (Puccinia arachidis) are the two major biotic constraints of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
e1“Foliar application of P. juliflora extract at 45, 75 and 90 d.a.s. and chlorothalonil at 60 d.a.s. effectively reduced foliar diseases severity and increased the pod yields by 81–98%”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorothalonil at 60 d.a.s. reduced foliar disease severity in groundnut
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- chlorothalonil at 60 d.a.s.e1
- Outcome
- foliar diseases severitye1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Late leaf spot (LLS, Phaeoisariopsis personata) and rust (Puccinia arachidis) are the two major biotic constraints of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
e1“Foliar application of P. juliflora extract at 45, 75 and 90 d.a.s. and chlorothalonil at 60 d.a.s. effectively reduced foliar diseases severity and increased the pod yields by 81–98%”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Prosopis juliflora extract increased groundnut pod yield by 81–98%
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- Foliar application of P. juliflora extract at 45, 75 and 90 d.a.s.e1
- Outcome
- pod yieldse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 81–98%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Late leaf spot (LLS, Phaeoisariopsis personata) and rust (Puccinia arachidis) are the two major biotic constraints of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
e1“Foliar application of P. juliflora extract at 45, 75 and 90 d.a.s. and chlorothalonil at 60 d.a.s. effectively reduced foliar diseases severity and increased the pod yields by 81–98%”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorothalonil at 60 d.a.s. increased groundnut pod yield by 81–98%
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- chlorothalonil at 60 d.a.s.e1
- Outcome
- pod yieldse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 81–98%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Late leaf spot (LLS, Phaeoisariopsis personata) and rust (Puccinia arachidis) are the two major biotic constraints of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
e1“Foliar application of P. juliflora extract at 45, 75 and 90 d.a.s. and chlorothalonil at 60 d.a.s. effectively reduced foliar diseases severity and increased the pod yields by 81–98%”
Claim · model-written summary
Prosopis juliflora extract is a significant component for integrated management of groundnut foliar diseases
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- P. juliflora extracte1
- Outcome
- integrated management of groundnut foliar diseasese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Late leaf spot (LLS, Phaeoisariopsis personata) and rust (Puccinia arachidis) are the two major biotic constraints of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
e1“This study identified P. juliflora extract as a significant component for the integrated management of groundnut foliar diseases”
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