Abstract
Lonicera maackii is an invasive Asian shrub naturalized in North America that has negative effects on forest understory vegetation. Aqueous extracts of leaves and roots of this plant have been shown to inhibit germination of several species. In this study, we examined the extent to which field-collected soils conditioned by L. maackii growth, with and without additions of L. maackii extracts, had effects on growth, morphology, and reproduction of Arabidopsis thaliana in a greenhouse setting. We also examined the effects of nutrient addition to the same soils on the performance of A. thaliana, whether plant responses to nutrients varied among L. maackii-conditioned and -unconditioned soils, and whether the effects of L. maackii extracts varied in soils with different histories and fertility. Plants grown in forest soil collected from a site where L. maackii was present grew slower and flowered later than plants grown in an unconditioned soil, but ended up being larger, with more leaves, branches and a higher total seed output. Nutrient addition had a positive effect on performance of A. thaliana, but when nutrients were added with extracts of L. maackii roots and leaves, the positive effects of nutrients were greatly diminished. Inhibiting plant responses to resource opportunities is a potentially important indirect effect of allelochemicals. Where direct effects of extracts on growth were seen, leaf extracts had a greater effect than root extracts. While the most important impacts of L. maackii in the field are undoubtedly due to competition for light and moisture, evidence for allelopathic effects of this plant is growing.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Plants in soil from a L. maackii site grew slower than plants in unconditioned soil.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae1 - Treatment
- forest soil collected from a site where L. maackii was presente0
- Interactor
- L. maackii
Lonicera maackiie0other - Outcome
- grewe0
- Direction
- slowere0
- Comparator
- an unconditioned soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants grown in forest soil collected from a site where L. maackii was present grew slower and flowered later than plants grown in an unconditioned soil”
e1“growth, morphology, and reproduction of Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants in soil from a L. maackii site flowered later than plants in unconditioned soil.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- forest soil collected from a site where L. maackii was presente0
- Interactor
- L. maackiiLonicera maackiie0other
- Outcome
- flowerede0
- Direction
- latere0
- Comparator
- an unconditioned soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants grown in forest soil collected from a site where L. maackii was present grew slower and flowered later than plants grown in an unconditioned soil”
e1“growth, morphology, and reproduction of Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants in L. maackii conditioned soil became larger and had more leaves and branches than in unconditioned soil.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- forest soil collected from a site where L. maackii was presente0
- Interactor
- L. maackiiLonicera maackiie0other
- Outcome
- larger, with more leaves, branchese0
- Direction
- largere0
- Comparator
- an unconditioned soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants grown in forest soil collected from a site where L. maackii was present grew slower and flowered later than plants grown in an unconditioned soil, but ended up being larger, with more leaves, branches and a higher total seed output.”
e1“growth, morphology, and reproduction of Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants in L. maackii conditioned soil had higher total seed output than in unconditioned soil.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- forest soil collected from a site where L. maackii was presente0
- Interactor
- L. maackiiLonicera maackiie0other
- Outcome
- total seed outpute0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- an unconditioned soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants grown in forest soil collected from a site where L. maackii was present grew slower and flowered later than plants grown in an unconditioned soil, but ended up being larger, with more leaves, branches and a higher total seed output.”
e1“growth, morphology, and reproduction of Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Nutrient addition improved A. thaliana performance.
- Taxon
- A. thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Treatment
- Nutrient additione0
- Outcome
- performancee0
- Direction
- positive effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nutrient addition had a positive effect on performance of A. thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
L. maackii root and leaf extracts greatly diminished the beneficial effect of nutrient addition on A. thaliana performance.
- Taxon
- A. thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Treatment
- nutrients were added with extracts of L. maackii roots and leavese0
- Interactor
- L. maackiiLonicera maackiie0other
- Outcome
- positive effects of nutrientse0
- Direction
- greatly diminishede0
- Comparator
- Nutrient additione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nutrient addition had a positive effect on performance of A. thaliana, but when nutrients were added with extracts of L. maackii roots and leaves, the positive effects of nutrients were greatly diminished.”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf extracts had greater direct effects on growth than root extracts where extract effects were observed.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- leaf extractse0
- Interactor
- L. maackiiLonicera maackiie2other
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- greater effecte0
- Comparator
- root extractse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Where direct effects of extracts on growth were seen, leaf extracts had a greater effect than root extracts.”
e1“growth, morphology, and reproduction of Arabidopsis thaliana”
e2“L. maackii extracts varied in soils”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.