Abstract
Abstract Waste drilling fluids are often land‐farmed following completion of an oil or gas well in Colorado. This material usually contains production water, bentonitic clays, formation cuttings, barite, Na compounds, and synthetic organic polymers. We investigated the effects of 5 to 60 dry g drilling fluid kg −1 soil on the growth and trace metal concentration of sorghum—sudangrass ( Sorghum bicolor L. Moench ‘DeKalb ST‐6’— S. sudanense ) in the greenhouse. A nonlinear regression exponential‐rise model fit the increased plant total dry matter yield response to increasing drilling fluid rates. Increased plant tissue Fe concentration and uptake ( P < 0.05) indicated that increased plant‐available Fe was primarily responsible for the yield response, but increased Zn availability was also suspected. Results from a second greenhouse study confirmed that drilling fluid can also correct Zn deficiency in corn ( Zea mays L.). Soil SAR (sodium adsorption ratio) was higher with increasing drilling fluid, but was still <1. Other trace‐element concentrations in sudangrass tissue and soil pH and EC sat were not significantly increased due to application of drilling fluid. This study showed that application of controlled rates of water‐based drilling fluid from operations in Weld County, Colorado, was beneficial to the growth of sorghum—sudangrass and provided evidence that land application is an acceptable method of disposal.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum—sudangrass total dry matter yield increased as drilling fluid rate increased, with an exponential-rise model fit.
- Taxon
- sorghum—sudangrass
Sorghum
Sorghum ×drummondiie1 - Treatment
- increasing drilling fluid ratese0
- Outcome
- plant total dry matter yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A nonlinear regression exponential‐rise model fit the increased plant total dry matter yield response to increasing drilling fluid rates”
t0“Crop Growth”
e1“of sorghum—sudangrass (”
Claim · model-written summary
Drilling fluid significantly increased plant tissue Fe concentration and uptake.
- Taxon
- sorghum—sudangrassSorghumSorghum ×drummondiie1
- Treatment
- drilling fluidt0
- Outcome
- plant tissue Fe concentration and uptakee0
- Direction
- Increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increased plant tissue Fe concentration and uptake ( P < 0.05)”
t0“Drilling Fluid Effects on Crop Growth”
e1“of sorghum—sudangrass (”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors inferred that increased Fe availability primarily drove the yield response.
- Taxon
- sorghum—sudangrassSorghumSorghum ×drummondiie1
- Compound
- Fee0
- Outcome
- yield responsee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased plant‐available Fe was primarily responsible for the yield response”
t0“Crop Growth”
e1“of sorghum—sudangrass (”
Claim · model-written summary
Drilling fluid corrected Zn deficiency in corn in a second greenhouse study.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- drilling fluide0
- Outcome
- Zn deficiencye0
- Direction
- correcte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“drilling fluid can also correct Zn deficiency in corn ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil SAR increased with drilling fluid rate but remained below 1.
- Taxon
- sorghum—sudangrassSorghumSorghum ×drummondiie1
- Treatment
- increasing drilling fluide0
- Outcome
- Soil SARe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- <1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil SAR (sodium adsorption ratio) was higher with increasing drilling fluid, but was still <1”
t0“Crop Growth”
e1“of sorghum—sudangrass (”
Claim · model-written summary
Other trace-element concentrations in sudangrass tissue did not increase significantly after drilling fluid application.
- Taxon
- sudangrassSorghum ×drummondiie0
- Treatment
- drilling fluide0
- Outcome
- trace‐element concentrations in sudangrass tissuee0
- Direction
- not significantly increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Other trace‐element concentrations in sudangrass tissue and soil pH and EC sat were not significantly increased due to application of drilling fluid”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil pH and saturated extract EC did not increase significantly after drilling fluid application.
- Taxon
- sorghum—sudangrassSorghumSorghum ×drummondiie1
- Treatment
- drilling fluide0
- Outcome
- soil pH and EC sate0
- Direction
- not significantly increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil pH and EC sat were not significantly increased due to application of drilling fluid”
t0“Crop Growth”
e1“of sorghum—sudangrass (”
Claim · model-written summary
Controlled land application of water-based drilling fluid was beneficial for sorghum—sudangrass growth.
- Taxon
- sorghum—sudangrassSorghumSorghum ×drummondiie0
- Outcome
- application of controlled rates of water‐based drilling fluide0
- Setting
- Weld County, Coloradoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of controlled rates of water‐based drilling fluid from operations in Weld County, Colorado, was beneficial to the growth of sorghum—sudangrass”
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- negative
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See all 24 papers →transplanting · yield · Sorghum x drummondii (Sudan grass)Results agree
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- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.