Abstract
Abstract Some researchers have reported increased wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) yields with increased N levels, narrow row spacings (R), and applications of plant growth regulators (PGR) and fungicides (F). However, little information is available concerning the effects of these factors and their interactions on irrigated wheat production in California. Therefore, this study was conducted in the eastern San Joaquin Valley of California at two locations (Dinuba and Fresno) with two planting dates (mid‐December 1986, and late January 1987) to determine the effects of three N levels (168, 220, and 252 kg ha −1 ), PGR ethephon [Ethephon (2‐chloroethyl) phosphonic acid], and F triadimefon [1‐(4‐Chlorophenoxy)‐3,3‐dimethy‐1‐(lH‐1,2,4‐triazol‐l‐yl)‐2‐butanone] applied to the semidwarf, hard red spring wheat cultivar Yecora Rojo planted at 10‐ and 17‐cm‐row spacings. Early planting increased grain yield, but no other variables affected grain yield or grain protein content. Yield and protein were not increased with N rates above the lowest rate, 168 kg ha −1 , Lodging was increased with increasing amounts of applied N, except for the second planting date at Fresno. Applications of PGR reduced lodging but did not effect yield or grain protein, even at increased N levels. A lack of foliar disease resulted in no benefits from F applications. No notable interactions were observed between the different treatments on grain yield, but PGR interacting with other variables generally reduced stem base NO 3 −N. Intensification of cultural practices was not effective for increasing grain yield and grain protein content in this region with the environmental conditions experienced. This may be due to the already optimized cultural practices used in the region.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Early planting increased wheat grain yield.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- Early plantinge1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) yields”
e1“Early planting increased grain yield, but no other variables affected grain yield or grain protein content”
Claim · model-written summary
Other variables tested had no effect on wheat grain yield or grain protein content.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- other variablese1
- Outcome
- grain yield or grain protein contente1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) yields”
e1“Early planting increased grain yield, but no other variables affected grain yield or grain protein content”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield and protein of wheat were not increased by N rates above the lowest rate of 168 kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- N rates above the lowest rate, 168 kg ha −1e2
- Outcome
- Yield and proteine2
- Direction
- not increasede2
- Comparator
- the lowest rate, 168 kg ha −1e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) yields”
e2“Yield and protein were not increased with N rates above the lowest rate, 168 kg ha −1”
Claim · model-written summary
Lodging of wheat increased with increasing amounts of applied N, except at the second planting date at Fresno.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- increasing amounts of applied Ne3
- Outcome
- Lodginge3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Qualifier
- except for the second planting date at Fresnoe3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) yields”
e3“Lodging was increased with increasing amounts of applied N, except for the second planting date at Fresno”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant growth regulator applications reduced lodging of wheat.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Applications of PGRe4
- Outcome
- lodginge4
- Direction
- reducede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) yields”
e4“Applications of PGR reduced lodging but did not effect yield or grain protein, even at increased N levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant growth regulator applications did not affect wheat yield or grain protein, even at increased N levels.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Applications of PGRe4
- Outcome
- yield or grain proteine4
- Direction
- did not effecte4
- Qualifier
- even at increased N levelse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) yields”
e4“Applications of PGR reduced lodging but did not effect yield or grain protein, even at increased N levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide applications gave no benefit to wheat because foliar disease was lacking.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- F applicationse5
- Outcome
- benefitse5
- Direction
- no benefitse5
- Qualifier
- A lack of foliar diseasee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) yields”
e5“A lack of foliar disease resulted in no benefits from F applications”
Claim · model-written summary
No notable interaction between the treatments was observed for wheat grain yield.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- the different treatmentse6
- Outcome
- grain yielde6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) yields”
e6“No notable interactions were observed between the different treatments on grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
PGR interacting with other variables generally reduced stem base nitrate-nitrogen of wheat.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- PGRe7
- Outcome
- stem base NO 3 −Ne7
- Direction
- reducede7
- Qualifier
- interacting with other variables generallye7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) yields”
e7“PGR interacting with other variables generally reduced stem base NO 3 −N”
Claim · model-written summary
Intensification of cultural practices was not effective for increasing wheat grain yield and grain protein content.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Intensification of cultural practicese1
- Outcome
- grain yield and grain protein contente1
- Direction
- not effective for increasinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) yields”
e1“Intensification of cultural practices was not effective for increasing grain yield and grain protein content”
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