Abstract
The efficacy of the yeast Kloeckera apiculata , strain 34-9, in controlling postharvest decay of citrus fruit was evaluated in small-scale and pilot tests in commercial packinghouse. Kloeckera apiculata grew efficiently on different media and maintained its antagonistic activity against spore germination of Penicillium italicum . In small-scale experiments with citrus fruits dipped in the yeast cell suspension, the development of decay in citrus was effectively inhibited. The yeast was compatible with a mixture of low concentration of a commonly chemical fungicide. In packinghouse tests, combining the yeast with 40 mg/kg Carbendazim (MBC) resulted a reduction in the incidence of decay to a level equal to that of the commercial treatment of 200 mg/kg MBC. The efficacy of the strain 34-9 could also be maintained under packinghouse conditions at a cell concentration of the yeast antagonist as low as 10 6 cells/ml. No significant difference in the efficacy of K. apiculata was found in either the drench or the spray application systems tested in citrus packinghouse. Scanning electron microscopy revealed attachment of the yeast cells to the pathogen hyphae. The high antagonistic activity of strain 34-9 against citrus blue mould may be related to its capability to compete with Penicillium italicum , for space and nutrients and /or involvement of directly antagonist of the yeast on the fungus.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Dipping citrus fruit in the yeast suspension effectively inhibited development of decay.
- Treatment
- dipped in the yeast cell suspensione1
- Outcome
- the development of decay in citruse1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
CitrusNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“postharvest diseases of citrus”
e1“In small-scale experiments with citrus fruits dipped in the yeast cell suspension, the development of decay in citrus was effectively inhibited”
Claim · model-written summary
Kloeckera apiculata grew efficiently on different media.
- Outcome
- grew efficiently on different mediae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“postharvest diseases of citrus”
e0“Kloeckera apiculata grew efficiently on different media”
Claim · model-written summary
Kloeckera apiculata maintained antagonistic activity against spore germination of Penicillium italicum.
- Interactor
- Penicillium italicum
Penicillium italicume0pathogen - Second interactor
- Kloeckera apiculataHanseniaspora uvarume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- antagonistic activity against spore germination of Penicillium italicume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“postharvest diseases of citrus”
e0“Kloeckera apiculata grew efficiently on different media and maintained its antagonistic activity against spore germination of Penicillium italicum”
Claim · model-written summary
The yeast was compatible with a mixture of low concentration of a commonly chemical fungicide.
- Outcome
- compatible with a mixture of low concentration of a commonly chemical fungicidee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“postharvest diseases of citrus”
e2“The yeast was compatible with a mixture of low concentration of a commonly chemical fungicide”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining the yeast with 40 mg/kg carbendazim reduced decay incidence to a level equal to the commercial 200 mg/kg MBC treatment.
- Treatment
- combining the yeast with 40 mg/kg Carbendazim (MBC)e3
- Outcome
- the incidence of decaye3
- Direction
- reductione3
- Comparator
- the commercial treatment of 200 mg/kg MBCe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“postharvest diseases of citrus”
e3“combining the yeast with 40 mg/kg Carbendazim (MBC) resulted a reduction in the incidence of decay to a level equal to that of the commercial treatment of 200 mg/kg MBC”
Claim · model-written summary
Efficacy of strain 34-9 was maintained at a cell concentration as low as 10 6 cells/ml under packinghouse conditions.
- Treatment
- cell concentration of the yeast antagonist as low as 10 6 cells/mle4
- Outcome
- efficacy of the strain 34-9e4
- Direction
- maintainede4
- Value
- 10 6 cells/mle4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“postharvest diseases of citrus”
e4“The efficacy of the strain 34-9 could also be maintained under packinghouse conditions at a cell concentration of the yeast antagonist as low as 10 6 cells/ml”
Claim · model-written summary
No significant difference in efficacy of Kloeckera apiculata was found between drench and spray application.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“postharvest diseases of citrus”
e5“No significant difference in the efficacy of K. apiculata was found in either the drench or the spray application systems tested in citrus packinghouse”
Claim · model-written summary
Scanning electron microscopy revealed attachment of yeast cells to pathogen hyphae.
- Interactor
- yeast cellse6biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- pathogene6pathogen
- Outcome
- attachment of the yeast cells to the pathogen hyphaee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“postharvest diseases of citrus”
e6“Scanning electron microscopy revealed attachment of the yeast cells to the pathogen hyphae”
Claim · model-written summary
High antagonistic activity of strain 34-9 against citrus blue mould may be related to its competition with Penicillium italicum for space and nutrients.
- Interactor
- Penicillium italicumPenicillium italicume7pathogen
- Outcome
- antagonistic activity of strain 34-9 against citrus blue moulde7
- Qualifier
- capability to compete with Penicillium italicum , for space and nutrientse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“postharvest diseases of citrus”
e7“The high antagonistic activity of strain 34-9 against citrus blue mould may be related to its capability to compete with Penicillium italicum , for space and nutrients”
The same questions in other papers
carbendazim · disease · CitrusResults agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
application · control · CitrusPositive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →biocontrol · control · CitrusResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.