Abstract
How rice defends itself against pathogen infection is well documented, but little is known about how it defends itself against herbivore attack. We measured changes in the transcriptome and chemical profile of rice when the plant is infested by the striped stem borer (SSB) Chilo suppressalis. Infestation by SSBs resulted in changes in the expression levels of 4545 rice genes; this number accounts for about 8% of the genome and is made up of 18 functional groups with broad functions. The largest group comprised genes involved in metabolism, followed by cellular transport, transcription and cellular signaling. Infestation by SSBs modulated many genes responsible for the biosynthesis of plant hormones and plant signaling. Jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA) and ethylene were the major hormones that shaped the SSB-induced defence responses of rice. Many secondary signal transduction components, such as those involved in Ca²⁺ signaling and G-protein signaling, receptor and non-receptor protein kinases, and transcription factors were involved in the SSB-induced responses of rice. Photosynthesis and ATP synthesis from photophosphorylation were restricted by SSB feeding. In addition, SSB infestation induced the accumulation of defence compounds, including trypsin proteinase inhibitors (TrypPIs) and volatile organic compounds. These results demonstrate that SSB-induced defences required rice to reconfigure a wide variety of its metabolic, physiological and biochemical processes.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Stem borer infestation changed expression of 4545 rice genes, about 8% of the genome.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- Infestation by SSBse0
- Interactor
- SSBse0pest
- Outcome
- expression levels of 4545 rice genese0
- Direction
- changese0
- Value
- 4545 rice genese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Infestation by SSBs resulted in changes in the expression levels of 4545 rice genes; this number accounts for about 8% of the genome”
Claim · model-written summary
The largest functional group of responsive genes involved metabolism, followed by transport, transcription and signaling.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- The largest group comprised genes involved in metabolisme0
- Direction
- largeste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The largest group comprised genes involved in metabolism, followed by cellular transport, transcription and cellular signaling”
t0“of rice in response”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem borer infestation modulated rice genes for hormone biosynthesis and signaling.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Infestation by SSBse0
- Interactor
- SSBse0pest
- Outcome
- genes responsible for the biosynthesis of plant hormones and plant signalinge0
- Direction
- modulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Infestation by SSBs modulated many genes responsible for the biosynthesis of plant hormones and plant signaling”
t0“of rice in response”
Claim · model-written summary
Jasmonic acid, salicylic acid and ethylene were major hormones shaping rice defence responses.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Interactor
- SSBe0pest
- Compound
- Jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA) and ethylenee0
- Outcome
- SSB-induced defence responsese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA) and ethylene were the major hormones that shaped the SSB-induced defence responses of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Secondary signaling components were involved in the rice response to stem borer infestation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Interactor
- SSBe0pest
- Outcome
- SSB-induced responsese0
- Qualifier
- secondary signal transduction componentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Many secondary signal transduction components, such as those involved in Ca²⁺ signaling and G-protein signaling, receptor and non-receptor protein kinases, and transcription factors were involved in the SSB-induced responses of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem borer feeding restricted rice photosynthesis and photophosphorylation ATP synthesis.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- SSB feedinge0
- Interactor
- SSBe0pest
- Outcome
- Photosynthesis and ATP synthesis from photophosphorylatione0
- Direction
- restrictede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Photosynthesis and ATP synthesis from photophosphorylation were restricted by SSB feeding”
t0“of rice in response”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem borer infestation induced accumulation of rice defence compounds.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- SSB infestatione0
- Interactor
- SSBe0pest
- Outcome
- accumulation of defence compounds, including trypsin proteinase inhibitors (TrypPIs) and volatile organic compoundse0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SSB infestation induced the accumulation of defence compounds, including trypsin proteinase inhibitors (TrypPIs) and volatile organic compounds”
t0“of rice in response”
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See all 28 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.