Abstract
ABSTRACT Previous studies documented the stability of maize ( Zea mays L.) kernel oil concentration for a wide range of kernel weights promoted by contrasting post‐flowering assimilate availabilities per kernel (i.e., source–sink ratios). These studies mainly modified the sink size with a low impact on the source size. In this study, we focused on kernel oil concentration response to source–sink ratio alterations promoted by different timings and intensities of shading during the effective grain‐filling period. Two crosses with contrasting kernel oil concentration (‘DK752’ × DK752 and DK752 × ‘5MG’) were tested. Kernel oil concentration was positively related to the embryo–kernel ratio ( r = 0.96, P < 0.001) and embryo oil concentration ( r = 0.94, P < 0.001) and crosses differed in both traits. Severe shading (85% reduction of incident solar radiation) at early stages of kernel growth reduced the final embryo–kernel ratio and the embryo oil concentration of both crosses. Contrarily, moderate shading (45% reduction of incident solar radiation) did not modify the kernel oil determinants. Kernel oil concentration and kernel weight declined when severe shading shortened the kernel growth period. Our results collectively sustain the hypothesis that maize kernel oil concentration is commonly sink‐limited. We established that kernel oil concentration of both crosses was reduced when post‐flowering plant growth rate per kernel was less than 50% of kernel growth rate.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Kernel oil concentration correlated positively with embryo–kernel ratio.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kernel oil concentration was positively related to the embryo–kernel ratio ( r = 0.96, P < 0.001)”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Kernel oil concentration correlated positively with embryo oil concentration.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“embryo oil concentration ( r = 0.94, P < 0.001)”
e1“Kernel oil concentration was positively related to the embryo–kernel ratio ( r = 0.96, P < 0.001) and embryo oil concentration ( r = 0.94, P < 0.001)”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The two crosses differed in embryo–kernel ratio and embryo oil concentration.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“crosses differed in both traits”
e1“Two crosses with contrasting kernel oil concentration (‘DK752’ × DK752 and DK752 × ‘5MG’) were tested.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Severe early shading reduced final embryo–kernel ratio in both crosses.
- Treatment
- Severe shading (85% reduction of incident solar radiation)e0
- Outcome
- final embryo–kernel ratioe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Severe shading (85% reduction of incident solar radiation) at early stages of kernel growth reduced the final embryo–kernel ratio and the embryo oil concentration of both crosses.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Severe early shading reduced embryo oil concentration in both crosses.
- Treatment
- Severe shading (85% reduction of incident solar radiation)e0
- Outcome
- embryo oil concentratione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Severe shading (85% reduction of incident solar radiation) at early stages of kernel growth reduced the final embryo–kernel ratio and the embryo oil concentration of both crosses.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate shading did not alter kernel oil determinants.
- Treatment
- moderate shading (45% reduction of incident solar radiation)e0
- Outcome
- kernel oil determinantse0
- Direction
- did not modifye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“moderate shading (45% reduction of incident solar radiation) did not modify the kernel oil determinants.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Severe shading shortened kernel growth and lowered kernel oil concentration.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kernel oil concentration and kernel weight declined when severe shading shortened the kernel growth period.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Severe shading shortened kernel growth and lowered kernel weight.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kernel oil concentration and kernel weight declined when severe shading shortened the kernel growth period.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors inferred maize kernel oil concentration is commonly sink-limited.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize kernel oil concentration is commonly sink‐limited”
Claim · model-written summary
Kernel oil concentration fell in both crosses below a 50% plant growth rate per kernel threshold.
- Organ / stage
- kernele0
- Outcome
- kernel oil concentratione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- post‐flowering plant growth rate per kernel was less than 50% of kernel growth ratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“kernel oil concentration of both crosses was reduced when post‐flowering plant growth rate per kernel was less than 50% of kernel growth rate.”
t0“Maize”
The same questions in other papers
shade · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
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- negative
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1 in the opposite direction
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.