Abstract
The previously reported properties of a small circular RNA isolated from plants of cultivar Starking Delicious with symptoms similar to those of the dapple apple disease induced by Apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd), strongly suggested that it is a distinct viroid species of genus Apscaviroid to which ASSVd also belongs. Nevertheless, the autonomous replication of this novel RNA, termed Apple dimple fruit viroid (ADFVd), and the nature of the symptoms incited when inoculated free of other pathogens that might be present in the original source, were not determined. We addressed these questions by mechanically inoculating purified ADFVd into young apple seedlings (Golden). Dot blot hybridization of leaf extracts collected ten months after inoculation showed the presence of ADFVd in most of the inoculated seedlings, thus proving the ability of this RNA to replicate independently. Material from these ADFVd-infected seedlings grafted onto the ASSVd indicator Starkrimson incited the appearance on the fruit skin of discolored spots more or less depressed which were particularly frequent around the calyx cavity. Apple cultivars such as Gala, Pink Lady, and Braeburn reacted to ADFVd with similar symptoms, occasionally accompanied by scar skin in Braeburn, whereas ADFVd replicated without eliciting any visible symptoms in other apple cultivars such as Golden, or in the pear indicator Fieud 37. No interference in symptom expression or viroid accumulation were observed in plants inoculated first with ASSVd and then with ADFVd.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
ADFVd accumulated in most inoculated Golden apple seedlings, showing autonomous replication.
- Taxon
- Apple
Malus domesticat0 - Interactor
- ADFVde0pathogen
- Outcome
- presence of ADFVde0
Not reportedMaterial
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dot blot hybridization of leaf extracts collected ten months after inoculation showed the presence of ADFVd in most of the inoculated seedlings”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Grafting ADFVd-infected material onto Starkrimson induced depressed discolored spots on fruit skin.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Starkrimsone0
- Treatment
- ADFVd-infected seedlingse0
- Interactor
- ADFVde0pathogen
- Outcome
- discolored spots more or less depressede0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Material from these ADFVd-infected seedlings grafted onto the ASSVd indicator Starkrimson incited the appearance on the fruit skin of discolored spots more or less depressed which were particularly frequent around the calyx cavity”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Gala, Pink Lady and Braeburn developed similar symptoms after ADFVd infection.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Interactor
- ADFVde0pathogen
- Outcome
- similar symptomse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apple cultivars such as Gala, Pink Lady, and Braeburn reacted to ADFVd with similar symptoms”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Braeburn occasionally developed scar skin after ADFVd infection.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Braeburne0
- Interactor
- ADFVde1pathogen
- Outcome
- scar skine0
- Qualifier
- occasionallye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“occasionally accompanied by scar skin in Braeburn”
t0“Apple”
e1“ADFVd-infected seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
ADFVd replicated without visible symptoms in Golden apple.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Goldene0
- Interactor
- ADFVde0pathogen
- Outcome
- without eliciting any visible symptomse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ADFVd replicated without eliciting any visible symptoms in other apple cultivars such as Golden”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
ADFVd replicated without visible symptoms in pear indicator Fieud 37.
- Taxon
- pear
_Poirier_Fleurs_et_feuilles.jpg?width=60)
Pyrus communise0 - Material
- Fieud 37e0
- Interactor
- ADFVde0pathogen
- Outcome
- without eliciting any visible symptomse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Poirier_Fleurs_et_feuilles.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“ADFVd replicated without eliciting any visible symptoms in other apple cultivars such as Golden, or in the pear indicator Fieud 37”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequential ASSVd and ADFVd inoculation showed no interference in symptom expression or viroid accumulation.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- inoculated first with ASSVd and then with ADFVde0
- Interactor
- ASSVde0pathogen
- Second interactor
- ADFVde0pathogen
- Outcome
- symptom expression or viroid accumulatione0
- Direction
- No interferencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No interference in symptom expression or viroid accumulation were observed in plants inoculated first with ASSVd and then with ADFVd”
t0“Apple”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · molecular: expression · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.