Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of integrated managements on white mold control on common bean. Initially, in vitro testing was made to assess the antagonism of 11 Trichoderma isolates against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and to investigate fungicides (fluazinam and procymidone) inhibitory effects on those fungi. In two field experiments the following combinations were tested: irrigation frequencies (seven or 14 days), plant densities (six or 12 plants per meter), and three disease controls (untreated control, fungicide or Trichoderma spp.). In a third experiment plant densities were replaced by grass mulching treatments (with or without mulching). Fluazinam was applied at 45 and 55 days after emergence (DAE). The antagonists T. harzianum (experiments 1 and 3) and T. stromatica (experiment 2) were applied through sprinkler irrigation at 10 and 25 DAE, respectively. Most of the Trichoderma spp. were effective against the pathogen in vitro. Fluazinam was more toxic than procymidone to both the pathogen and the antagonist. Fungicide applications increased yield between 32 % and 41 %. In field one application of Trichoderma spp. did not reduce disease intensity and did not increase yield. The reduction from 12 to six plants per meter did not decrease yield, and disease severity diminished in one of the two experiments. It is concluded that of the strategies for white mold control just reduction of plant density and applications of fungicide were efficient.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Most Trichoderma isolates antagonized Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in vitro.
- Taxon
- common bean
Phaseolus vulgarist0 - Interactor
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Sclerotinia sclerotiorume1pathogene0 - Second interactor
- Trichoderma
Trichodermae0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- effective against the pathogen in vitroe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Most of the Trichoderma spp. were effective against the pathogen in vitro.”
e1“Trichoderma isolates against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum”
t0“common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluazinam was more toxic than procymidone to the pathogen and antagonist.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Fluaziname0
- Interactor
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorume1pathogene0
- Second interactor
- TrichodermaTrichodermae1biocontrol_agente0
- Outcome
- more toxice0
- Direction
- more toxice0
- Comparator
- procymidonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fluazinam was more toxic than procymidone to both the pathogen and the antagonist.”
e1“Trichoderma isolates against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum”
t0“common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide applications increased bean yield by 32 to 41%.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Fungicide applicationse0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- between 32 % and 41 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fungicide applications increased yield between 32 % and 41 %.”
t0“common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
One field application of Trichoderma did not reduce disease intensity.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- one application of Trichoderma spp.e0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma spp.Trichodermae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease intensitye0
- Direction
- did not reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In field one application of Trichoderma spp. did not reduce disease intensity and did not increase yield.”
t0“common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
One field application of Trichoderma did not increase yield.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- one application of Trichoderma spp.e0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma spp.Trichodermae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In field one application of Trichoderma spp. did not reduce disease intensity and did not increase yield.”
t0“common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Reducing density from 12 to six plants per meter did not decrease yield.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- six plants per metere0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- did not decreasee0
- Comparator
- 12e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The reduction from 12 to six plants per meter did not decrease yield”
t0“common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Reducing plant density diminished disease severity in one of two experiments.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- six plants per metere0
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- diminishede0
- Qualifier
- one of the two experimentse0
- Comparator
- 12e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The reduction from 12 to six plants per meter did not decrease yield, and disease severity diminished in one of the two experiments.”
t0“common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that reduced plant density is efficient for white mold control.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Outcome
- reduction of plant densitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“of the strategies for white mold control just reduction of plant density and applications of fungicide were efficient”
t0“common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that fungicide applications are efficient for white mold control.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Outcome
- applications of fungicidee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“of the strategies for white mold control just reduction of plant density and applications of fungicide were efficient”
t0“common bean”
The same questions in other papers
Trichoderma · yield · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results differ
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- positive
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See all 13 papers →fungicide · yield · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- no effect
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See all 19 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.