Abstract
ABSTRACT Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] is a legume with potential as an alternative summer crop in the U.S. Southern Coastal Plain. It has low fertilizer and pesticide requirements, and is used for both animal feed and human food. Southern coastal plain soils are acidic and phosphorus (P) deficient before liming and fertilization. Under those conditions, pigeonpea is limited in its ability to symbiotically fix atmospheric nitrogen (N2). Calcium silicate application can reduce the adverse effects of soil acidity and also enhance the availability of P in such soils. The effects of calcium silicate on P availability and the effects of Rhizobium inoculation on the growth of pigeonpea on a Greenville soil from the coastal plain of Georgia were investigated in laboratory and greenhouse experiments. Both silicon (Si) and P applications significantly increased the growth of pigeonpea. Optimum fresh and dry shoot weights, plant-available water, shoot height, nitrogen (N) and P contents, and P:manganese (Mn) ratios were found when 1.96 g Si/pot (4.48 t Si/ha) was applied as calcium silicate. High levels of plant Mn concentrations were reduced by such application. Application of 0.1 g P/pot (39 kg P/ha) produced the optimum fresh and dry shoot weights, plant water content, and shoot height. Inoculation had no effect on plant growth. There were no interactions for growth among Si, P, and inoculation. Increased growth due to Si application was adduced to increased available N and P and reduced levels of Mn. Applied Si also increased plant-available water, which enhanced leaf erectness—an important factor in light interception and therefore in growth. Low soil-available P was increased by fertilizer P, resulting in increased growth. Although Si is not an essential element, calcium silicate improved the growth of pigeonpea grown on this low pH soil.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon applications significantly increased pigeonpea growth.
- Taxon
- Pigeonpea
Cajanus cajant0 - Treatment
- silicon (Si)e1
- Outcome
- growthe1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Both silicon (Si) and P applications significantly increased the growth of pigeonpea”
t0“Pigeonpea Response to Silicon, Phosphorus, andRhizobiumInoculation in an Acid Coastal Plain Soil”
Claim · model-written summary
P applications significantly increased pigeonpea growth.
- Taxon
- PigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- P applicationse1
- Outcome
- growthe1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Both silicon (Si) and P applications significantly increased the growth of pigeonpea”
t0“Pigeonpea Response to Silicon, Phosphorus, andRhizobiumInoculation in an Acid Coastal Plain Soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium silicate at 1.96 g Si/pot gave the optimum fresh and dry shoot weights.
- Taxon
- PigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- 1.96 g Si/pot (4.48 t Si/ha)e2
- Outcome
- fresh and dry shoot weightse2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Optimum fresh and dry shoot weights, plant-available water, shoot height, nitrogen (N) and P contents, and P:manganese (Mn) ratios were found when 1.96 g Si/pot (4.48 t Si/ha) was applied as calcium silicate”
t0“Pigeonpea Response to Silicon, Phosphorus, andRhizobiumInoculation in an Acid Coastal Plain Soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium silicate at 1.96 g Si/pot gave the optimum shoot height.
- Taxon
- PigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- 1.96 g Si/pot (4.48 t Si/ha)e2
- Outcome
- shoot heighte2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Optimum fresh and dry shoot weights, plant-available water, shoot height, nitrogen (N) and P contents, and P:manganese (Mn) ratios were found when 1.96 g Si/pot (4.48 t Si/ha) was applied as calcium silicate”
t0“Pigeonpea Response to Silicon, Phosphorus, andRhizobiumInoculation in an Acid Coastal Plain Soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium silicate at 1.96 g Si/pot gave the optimum plant-available water.
- Taxon
- PigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- 1.96 g Si/pot (4.48 t Si/ha)e2
- Outcome
- plant-available watere2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Optimum fresh and dry shoot weights, plant-available water, shoot height, nitrogen (N) and P contents, and P:manganese (Mn) ratios were found when 1.96 g Si/pot (4.48 t Si/ha) was applied as calcium silicate”
t0“Pigeonpea Response to Silicon, Phosphorus, andRhizobiumInoculation in an Acid Coastal Plain Soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium silicate at 1.96 g Si/pot gave the optimum nitrogen and P contents.
- Taxon
- PigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- 1.96 g Si/pot (4.48 t Si/ha)e2
- Outcome
- nitrogen (N) and P contentse2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Optimum fresh and dry shoot weights, plant-available water, shoot height, nitrogen (N) and P contents, and P:manganese (Mn) ratios were found when 1.96 g Si/pot (4.48 t Si/ha) was applied as calcium silicate”
t0“Pigeonpea Response to Silicon, Phosphorus, andRhizobiumInoculation in an Acid Coastal Plain Soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium silicate at 1.96 g Si/pot gave the optimum P:Mn ratios.
- Taxon
- PigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- 1.96 g Si/pot (4.48 t Si/ha)e2
- Outcome
- P:manganese (Mn) ratiose2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Optimum fresh and dry shoot weights, plant-available water, shoot height, nitrogen (N) and P contents, and P:manganese (Mn) ratios were found when 1.96 g Si/pot (4.48 t Si/ha) was applied as calcium silicate”
t0“Pigeonpea Response to Silicon, Phosphorus, andRhizobiumInoculation in an Acid Coastal Plain Soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of 0.1 g P/pot gave the optimum fresh and dry shoot weights.
- Taxon
- PigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- 0.1 g P/pot (39 kg P/ha)e3
- Outcome
- fresh and dry shoot weightse3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Application of 0.1 g P/pot (39 kg P/ha) produced the optimum fresh and dry shoot weights, plant water content, and shoot height”
t0“Pigeonpea Response to Silicon, Phosphorus, andRhizobiumInoculation in an Acid Coastal Plain Soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of 0.1 g P/pot gave the optimum shoot height.
- Taxon
- PigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- 0.1 g P/pot (39 kg P/ha)e3
- Outcome
- shoot heighte3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Application of 0.1 g P/pot (39 kg P/ha) produced the optimum fresh and dry shoot weights, plant water content, and shoot height”
t0“Pigeonpea Response to Silicon, Phosphorus, andRhizobiumInoculation in an Acid Coastal Plain Soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of 0.1 g P/pot gave the optimum plant water content.
- Taxon
- PigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- 0.1 g P/pot (39 kg P/ha)e3
- Outcome
- plant water contente3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Application of 0.1 g P/pot (39 kg P/ha) produced the optimum fresh and dry shoot weights, plant water content, and shoot height”
t0“Pigeonpea Response to Silicon, Phosphorus, andRhizobiumInoculation in an Acid Coastal Plain Soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobium inoculation had no effect on pigeonpea growth.
- Taxon
- PigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- Inoculatione4
- Outcome
- plant growthe4
- Direction
- no effecte4
RhizobiumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Inoculation had no effect on plant growth”
t0“Pigeonpea Response to Silicon, Phosphorus, andRhizobiumInoculation in an Acid Coastal Plain Soil”
Claim · model-written summary
There were no interactions for pigeonpea growth among Si, P and inoculation.
- Taxon
- PigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- Si, P, and inoculatione5
- Outcome
- growthe5
- Direction
- no interactionse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“There were no interactions for growth among Si, P, and inoculation”
t0“Pigeonpea Response to Silicon, Phosphorus, andRhizobiumInoculation in an Acid Coastal Plain Soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium silicate reduced high plant Mn concentrations in pigeonpea.
- Taxon
- PigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- calcium silicatee2
- Outcome
- plant Mn concentrationse6
- Direction
- reducede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“High levels of plant Mn concentrations were reduced by such application”
e2“Optimum fresh and dry shoot weights, plant-available water, shoot height, nitrogen (N) and P contents, and P:manganese (Mn) ratios were found when 1.96 g Si/pot (4.48 t Si/ha) was applied as calcium silicate”
t0“Pigeonpea Response to Silicon, Phosphorus, andRhizobiumInoculation in an Acid Coastal Plain Soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased pigeonpea growth from Si is explained by increased available N and P and reduced Mn levels.
- Taxon
- PigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- Si applicatione7
- Outcome
- growthe7
- Qualifier
- increased available N and P and reduced levels of Mne7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Increased growth due to Si application was adduced to increased available N and P and reduced levels of Mn”
t0“Pigeonpea Response to Silicon, Phosphorus, andRhizobiumInoculation in an Acid Coastal Plain Soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied Si increased plant-available water.
- Taxon
- PigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- Applied Sie7
- Outcome
- plant-available watere7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Applied Si also increased plant-available water, which enhanced leaf erectness”
t0“Pigeonpea Response to Silicon, Phosphorus, andRhizobiumInoculation in an Acid Coastal Plain Soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Si enhanced leaf erectness, which is thought to improve growth.
- Taxon
- PigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Qualifier
- enhanced leaf erectnesse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Applied Si also increased plant-available water, which enhanced leaf erectness”
e0“Increased growth due to Si application was adduced to increased available N and P and reduced levels of Mn”
t0“Pigeonpea Response to Silicon, Phosphorus, andRhizobiumInoculation in an Acid Coastal Plain Soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer P increased pigeonpea growth.
- Taxon
- PigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- fertilizer Pe6
- Outcome
- growthe6
- Direction
- increasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Low soil-available P was increased by fertilizer P, resulting in increased growth”
t0“Pigeonpea Response to Silicon, Phosphorus, andRhizobiumInoculation in an Acid Coastal Plain Soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer P increased low soil-available P.
- Taxon
- PigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- fertilizer Pe6
- Outcome
- Low soil-available Pe6
- Direction
- increasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Low soil-available P was increased by fertilizer P, resulting in increased growth”
t0“Pigeonpea Response to Silicon, Phosphorus, andRhizobiumInoculation in an Acid Coastal Plain Soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium silicate improved pigeonpea growth on this low pH soil.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane5
- Treatment
- calcium silicatee5
- Outcome
- growthe5
- Direction
- improvede5
- Setting
- low pH soile5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“calcium silicate improved the growth of pigeonpea grown on this low pH soil”
t0“Pigeonpea Response to Silicon, Phosphorus, andRhizobiumInoculation in an Acid Coastal Plain Soil”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · Rhizobium · Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea)Positive and negative results
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- positive
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See all 9 papers →fertilization · growth · Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea)Positive and negative results
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8 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
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See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.