Abstract
Seven coniferous species were grown in the Duke University phytotron under five ultraviolet-B (UV-B = 280–320 nm) radiation regimes for 11 weeks. The irradiation regimes were 765, 680, 637, 310, and 28 mW•m −2 as summed over the 280–320 nm UV-B waveband. The UV-B radiation source was FS40 Westinghouse sunlamps filtered with cellulose acetate for four treatment irradiation levels and clear Mylar for the control. Biomass production of lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl.), loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.), noble fir (Abiesprocera Redh.), ponderosa pine (Pinusponderosa Laws.), and slash pine (Pinuselliottii Engelm.) was significantly reduced at the highest UV-B radiation level and somewhat less at the lower levels. These species were rated as slightly susceptible (5–25% reduction in biomass). Biomass production of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) was unaffected, and white fir (Abiesconcolor (Gord. and Glenn.) Lindl.) biomass was increased significantly by UV-B radiation at 310, 637, and 680 mW•m −2 UV-B radiation levels. Root weight tended to be reduced more than shoot weight, thereby decreasing root:shoot ratios significantly in certain UV-B regimes. Leaf area declined significantly with increasing UV-B radiation for all species except white fir and Douglas-fir. At the higher UV-B irradiance levels, height was significantly reduced when compared with the Mylar control on loblolly, lodgepole, ponderosa, slash pines, and noble fir, respectively. Height of Douglas-fir was not altered and height of white fir was increased significantly at the lowest level of UV-B radiation tested.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Biomass of lodgepole pine was significantly reduced at the highest UV-B radiation level, rated slightly susceptible.
- Taxon
- lodgepole pine
Pinus contortae1 - Treatment
- highest UV-B radiation levele1
- Outcome
- Biomass productione1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 5–25%e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Biomass production of lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl.), loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.), noble fir (Abiesprocera Redh.), ponderosa pine (Pinusponderosa Laws.), and slash pine (Pinuselliottii Engelm.) was significantly reduced at the highest UV-B radiation level and somewhat less at the lower levels”
e2“These species were rated as slightly susceptible (5–25% reduction in biomass)”
Claim · model-written summary
Biomass of loblolly pine was significantly reduced at the highest UV-B radiation level, rated slightly susceptible.
- Taxon
- loblolly pine
Pinus taedae1 - Treatment
- highest UV-B radiation levele1
- Outcome
- Biomass productione1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 5–25%e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Biomass production of lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl.), loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.), noble fir (Abiesprocera Redh.), ponderosa pine (Pinusponderosa Laws.), and slash pine (Pinuselliottii Engelm.) was significantly reduced at the highest UV-B radiation level and somewhat less at the lower levels”
e2“These species were rated as slightly susceptible (5–25% reduction in biomass)”
Claim · model-written summary
Biomass of noble fir was significantly reduced at the highest UV-B radiation level, rated slightly susceptible.
Verbatim
e1“Biomass production of lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl.), loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.), noble fir (Abiesprocera Redh.), ponderosa pine (Pinusponderosa Laws.), and slash pine (Pinuselliottii Engelm.) was significantly reduced at the highest UV-B radiation level and somewhat less at the lower levels”
e2“These species were rated as slightly susceptible (5–25% reduction in biomass)”
Claim · model-written summary
Biomass of ponderosa pine was significantly reduced at the highest UV-B radiation level, rated slightly susceptible.
Verbatim
e1“Biomass production of lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl.), loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.), noble fir (Abiesprocera Redh.), ponderosa pine (Pinusponderosa Laws.), and slash pine (Pinuselliottii Engelm.) was significantly reduced at the highest UV-B radiation level and somewhat less at the lower levels”
e2“These species were rated as slightly susceptible (5–25% reduction in biomass)”
Claim · model-written summary
Biomass of slash pine was significantly reduced at the highest UV-B radiation level, rated slightly susceptible.
- Taxon
- slash pine
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Pinus elliottiie1 - Treatment
- highest UV-B radiation levele1
- Outcome
- Biomass productione1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 5–25%e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“Biomass production of lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl.), loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.), noble fir (Abiesprocera Redh.), ponderosa pine (Pinusponderosa Laws.), and slash pine (Pinuselliottii Engelm.) was significantly reduced at the highest UV-B radiation level and somewhat less at the lower levels”
e2“These species were rated as slightly susceptible (5–25% reduction in biomass)”
Claim · model-written summary
Biomass of Douglas-fir was unaffected by ultraviolet-B radiation.
- Taxon
- Douglas-fir
Pseudotsuga menziesiie3 - Treatment
- Ultraviolet-B radiationt0
- Outcome
- Biomass productione3
- Direction
- unaffectede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Biomass production of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) was unaffected”
t0“Ultraviolet-B radiation effects on early seedling growth of Pinaceae species”
Claim · model-written summary
White fir biomass increased significantly under UV-B radiation at 310, 637 and 680 mW m-2.
Verbatim
e4“white fir (Abiesconcolor (Gord. and Glenn.) Lindl.) biomass was increased significantly by UV-B radiation at 310, 637, and 680 mW•m −2”
Claim · model-written summary
Root weight tended to be reduced more than shoot weight under UV-B radiation in Pinaceae seedlings.
Verbatim
e5“Root weight tended to be reduced more than shoot weight, thereby decreasing root:shoot ratios significantly in certain UV-B regimes”
t0“Ultraviolet-B radiation effects on early seedling growth of Pinaceae species”
Claim · model-written summary
Root:shoot ratios decreased significantly in certain UV-B regimes in Pinaceae seedlings.
Verbatim
e5“Root weight tended to be reduced more than shoot weight, thereby decreasing root:shoot ratios significantly in certain UV-B regimes”
t0“Ultraviolet-B radiation effects on early seedling growth of Pinaceae species”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf area declined significantly with increasing UV-B radiation in Pinaceae seedlings, except in white fir and Douglas-fir.
Verbatim
e6“Leaf area declined significantly with increasing UV-B radiation for all species except white fir and Douglas-fir”
t0“Ultraviolet-B radiation effects on early seedling growth of Pinaceae species”
Claim · model-written summary
Height of loblolly pine was significantly reduced at the higher UV-B irradiance levels compared with the Mylar control.
- Taxon
- loblolly pinePinus taedae1
- Treatment
- higher UV-B irradiance levelse7
- Outcome
- heighte7
- Direction
- reducede7
- Comparator
- Mylar controle7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Biomass production of lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl.), loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.), noble fir (Abiesprocera Redh.), ponderosa pine (Pinusponderosa Laws.), and slash pine (Pinuselliottii Engelm.) was significantly reduced at the highest UV-B radiation level and somewhat less at the lower levels”
e7“At the higher UV-B irradiance levels, height was significantly reduced when compared with the Mylar control on loblolly, lodgepole, ponderosa, slash pines, and noble fir, respectively. Height of Douglas-fir was not altered and height of white fir was increased significantly at the lowest level of UV-B radiation tested”
Claim · model-written summary
Height of lodgepole pine was significantly reduced at the higher UV-B irradiance levels compared with the Mylar control.
- Taxon
- lodgepole pinePinus contortae1
- Treatment
- higher UV-B irradiance levelse7
- Outcome
- heighte7
- Direction
- reducede7
- Comparator
- Mylar controle7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Biomass production of lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl.), loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.), noble fir (Abiesprocera Redh.), ponderosa pine (Pinusponderosa Laws.), and slash pine (Pinuselliottii Engelm.) was significantly reduced at the highest UV-B radiation level and somewhat less at the lower levels”
e7“At the higher UV-B irradiance levels, height was significantly reduced when compared with the Mylar control on loblolly, lodgepole, ponderosa, slash pines, and noble fir, respectively. Height of Douglas-fir was not altered and height of white fir was increased significantly at the lowest level of UV-B radiation tested”
Claim · model-written summary
Height of ponderosa pine was significantly reduced at the higher UV-B irradiance levels compared with the Mylar control.
Verbatim
e1“Biomass production of lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl.), loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.), noble fir (Abiesprocera Redh.), ponderosa pine (Pinusponderosa Laws.), and slash pine (Pinuselliottii Engelm.) was significantly reduced at the highest UV-B radiation level and somewhat less at the lower levels”
e7“At the higher UV-B irradiance levels, height was significantly reduced when compared with the Mylar control on loblolly, lodgepole, ponderosa, slash pines, and noble fir, respectively. Height of Douglas-fir was not altered and height of white fir was increased significantly at the lowest level of UV-B radiation tested”
Claim · model-written summary
Height of slash pine was significantly reduced at the higher UV-B irradiance levels compared with the Mylar control.
- Taxon
- slash pinePinus elliottiie1
- Treatment
- higher UV-B irradiance levelse7
- Outcome
- heighte7
- Direction
- reducede7
- Comparator
- Mylar controle7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Biomass production of lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl.), loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.), noble fir (Abiesprocera Redh.), ponderosa pine (Pinusponderosa Laws.), and slash pine (Pinuselliottii Engelm.) was significantly reduced at the highest UV-B radiation level and somewhat less at the lower levels”
e7“At the higher UV-B irradiance levels, height was significantly reduced when compared with the Mylar control on loblolly, lodgepole, ponderosa, slash pines, and noble fir, respectively. Height of Douglas-fir was not altered and height of white fir was increased significantly at the lowest level of UV-B radiation tested”
Claim · model-written summary
Height of noble fir was significantly reduced at the higher UV-B irradiance levels compared with the Mylar control.
Verbatim
e1“Biomass production of lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl.), loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.), noble fir (Abiesprocera Redh.), ponderosa pine (Pinusponderosa Laws.), and slash pine (Pinuselliottii Engelm.) was significantly reduced at the highest UV-B radiation level and somewhat less at the lower levels”
e7“At the higher UV-B irradiance levels, height was significantly reduced when compared with the Mylar control on loblolly, lodgepole, ponderosa, slash pines, and noble fir, respectively. Height of Douglas-fir was not altered and height of white fir was increased significantly at the lowest level of UV-B radiation tested”
Claim · model-written summary
Height of Douglas-fir was not altered at the lowest UV-B level tested.
- Taxon
- Douglas-firPseudotsuga menziesiie7
- Treatment
- lowest level of UV-B radiatione7
- Outcome
- Heighte7
- Direction
- not alterede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“At the higher UV-B irradiance levels, height was significantly reduced when compared with the Mylar control on loblolly, lodgepole, ponderosa, slash pines, and noble fir, respectively. Height of Douglas-fir was not altered and height of white fir was increased significantly at the lowest level of UV-B radiation tested”
Claim · model-written summary
Height of white fir was increased significantly at the lowest UV-B level tested.
Verbatim
e7“At the higher UV-B irradiance levels, height was significantly reduced when compared with the Mylar control on loblolly, lodgepole, ponderosa, slash pines, and noble fir, respectively. Height of Douglas-fir was not altered and height of white fir was increased significantly at the lowest level of UV-B radiation tested”
The same questions in other papers
light · growth · Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
light · growth · Pinus elliottii (slash pine)Positive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
light · growth · Pinus taeda (loblolly pine)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →uv · growth · Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
uv · growth · Pinus taeda (loblolly pine)Results agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.