Abstract
Ten conifer species were grown in an unshaded greenhouse at the University of Maryland under 3 levels of biologically effective ultraviolet-B radiation. Ultraviolet-B radiation was supplied by Westinghouse FS-40 sunlamps and effective daily doses were 0, 12.4, and 19.1 kJ m–2. During the irradiation period, seedling growth and the development of stress symptoms were monitored. After 22 weeks of irradiation, seedlings were harvested and morphological characteristics analyzed. Visual symptoms included needle discoloration and stunting in three of the ten species tested. Seedling height was significantly reduced by supplemental UV-B in Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine), Pinus resinosa (red pine), and Pinus taeda (loblolly pine). Biomass increased in Picea engelmannii (Engelmann spruce). Abies fraseri (Fraser fir), Pinus edulus (pinyon pine), and Pinus nigra (black pine) were unaffected by UV-B while biomass reductions exceeding 5% were observed in all other species tested. These deleterious effects occurred despite the presence of morphological characteristics which would tend to reduce UV-B effectiveness. Generally, the effects of supplemental UV-B dose were less for those species native to higher elevations, implying the presence of natural adaptations to UV-B.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Needle discoloration and stunting occurred in three species.
Verbatim
e0“Visual symptoms included needle discoloration and stunting in three of the ten species tested.”
t0“Pinaceae”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental UV-B significantly reduced seedling height in Pinus contorta.
- Taxon
- Pinus contorta
Pinus contortae0 - Treatment
- supplemental UV-Be0
- Outcome
- Seedling heighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedling height was significantly reduced by supplemental UV-B in Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine), Pinus resinosa (red pine), and Pinus taeda (loblolly pine).”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental UV-B significantly reduced seedling height in Pinus resinosa.
- Taxon
- Pinus resinosa
Pinus resinosae0 - Treatment
- supplemental UV-Be0
- Outcome
- Seedling heighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedling height was significantly reduced by supplemental UV-B in Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine), Pinus resinosa (red pine), and Pinus taeda (loblolly pine).”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental UV-B significantly reduced seedling height in Pinus taeda.
- Taxon
- Pinus taeda
Pinus taedae0 - Treatment
- supplemental UV-Be0
- Outcome
- Seedling heighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedling height was significantly reduced by supplemental UV-B in Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine), Pinus resinosa (red pine), and Pinus taeda (loblolly pine).”
Claim · model-written summary
Biomass increased in Picea engelmannii.
- Taxon
- Picea engelmannii
Picea engelmanniie0 - Treatment
- Ultraviolet-Bt0
- Outcome
- Biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biomass increased in Picea engelmannii (Engelmann spruce).”
t0“Ultraviolet-B”
Claim · model-written summary
Abies fraseri was unaffected by UV-B.
- Taxon
- Abies fraseri
_(Clingmans_Dome%2C_Great_Smoky_Mountains%2C_North_Carolina%2C_USA)_11_(36843487182).jpg?width=60)
Abies fraserie0 - Treatment
- UV-Be0
- Outcome
- unaffectede0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(Clingmans_Dome%2C_Great_Smoky_Mountains%2C_North_Carolina%2C_USA)_11_(36843487182).jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Abies fraseri (Fraser fir), Pinus edulus (pinyon pine), and Pinus nigra (black pine) were unaffected by UV-B”
Claim · model-written summary
Pinus edulus was unaffected by UV-B.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Abies fraseri (Fraser fir), Pinus edulus (pinyon pine), and Pinus nigra (black pine) were unaffected by UV-B”
Claim · model-written summary
Pinus nigra was unaffected by UV-B.
- Taxon
- Pinus nigra
Pinus nigrae0 - Treatment
- UV-Be0
- Outcome
- unaffectede0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Abies fraseri (Fraser fir), Pinus edulus (pinyon pine), and Pinus nigra (black pine) were unaffected by UV-B”
Claim · model-written summary
Biomass fell by more than 5% in all other tested species.
- Treatment
- Ultraviolet-Bt0
- Outcome
- biomasse0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 5%e0
- Qualifier
- all other species testede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“biomass reductions exceeding 5% were observed in all other species tested.”
t0“Effects of Ultraviolet-B Irradiation on Seedling Growth in the Pinaceae”
Claim · model-written summary
Species native to higher elevations generally had smaller supplemental UV-B effects.
Verbatim
e0“Generally, the effects of supplemental UV-B dose were less for those species native to higher elevations, implying the presence of natural adaptations to UV-B.”
t0“Pinaceae”
The same questions in other papers
uv · growth · Pinus resinosa (red pine)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
uv · growth · Picea engelmannii (Engelmann spruce)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
uv · growth · Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
uv · growth · Pinus taeda (loblolly pine)Results agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.