Abstract
1. Twelve per cent of the tubers of Cyperus esculentus germinated when harvested in the fall, whereas 95% germinated when harvested the following spring. 2. Storing tubers at 3⚬ C. promotes germination of tubers and numbers of shoots per tuber. Washing freshly harvested tubers in cold water also promotes their germination. 3. Cutting tubers in half transversely favors sprouting of buds in the apical half. No sprouts appeared from buds in the basal half of tubers, whether severed or not. 4. The application of a 5% tuber extract to washed tubers reduced both the number of tubers that germinated and the number of shoots per tuber. Tuber extracts (5% or less) also inhibited germination in six of eight crop seeds tested. Concentrations of the extract that allowed germination of alfalfa seeds reduced root growth. 5. Gibberellic acid initially stimulated germination of tubers and increased the number of shoots per tuber, but after 5 weeks, fewer shoots per tuber had been produced than in the control. Dry weight per shoot increased with increased concentrations of gibberellic acid, however. 6. The tuber extract was heat stable, non-volatile, water-soluble, dialyzable, not adsorbed on charcoal, not eluted from an alumina column by solvents higher than methanol in the eluotropic series, and was not adsorbed on either cationic- or anionic-exchange resins. 7. From chromatography studies in which sections were eluted and bioassayed with alfalfa seeds, an Rf between 0.8 and 1 was obtained using butanol: ethanol:water as the solvent system and an Rf between 0.9 and 1 using butanol:acetic acid:water as the solvent system.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Tuber germination rose from 12% at fall harvest to 95% the following spring.
- Taxon
- Cyperus esculentus
Cyperus esculentuse0 - Outcome
- tubers of Cyperus esculentus germinatede0
- Direction
- 95% germinatede0
- Value
- 95%e0
- Qualifier
- Twelve per cente0
- Comparator
- when harvested in the falle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Twelve per cent of the tubers of Cyperus esculentus germinated when harvested in the fall, whereas 95% germinated when harvested the following spring.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold storage promoted tuber germination and shoot number.
- Taxon
- Cyperus esculentut0
- Treatment
- Storing tubers at 3⚬ C.e0
- Outcome
- germination of tubers and numbers of shoots per tubere0
- Direction
- promotese0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Storing tubers at 3⚬ C. promotes germination of tubers and numbers of shoots per tuber.”
t0“Cyperus esculentu”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold-water washing promoted germination of freshly harvested tubers.
- Taxon
- Cyperus esculentut0
- Treatment
- Washing freshly harvested tubers in cold watere0
- Outcome
- their germinatione0
- Direction
- promotese0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Washing freshly harvested tubers in cold water also promotes their germination.”
t0“Cyperus esculentu”
Claim · model-written summary
Transverse cutting favored apical bud sprouting.
- Taxon
- Cyperus esculentut0
- Organ / stage
- apical halfe0
- Treatment
- Cutting tubers in half transverselye0
- Outcome
- sprouting of buds in the apical halfe0
- Direction
- favorse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Cutting tubers in half transversely favors sprouting of buds in the apical half.”
t0“Cyperus esculentu”
Claim · model-written summary
Basal tuber buds did not sprout whether severed or not.
- Taxon
- Cyperus esculentut0
- Organ / stage
- basal half of tuberse0
- Outcome
- No sprouts appeared from buds in the basal half of tuberse0
- Qualifier
- whether severed or note0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“No sprouts appeared from buds in the basal half of tubers, whether severed or not.”
t0“Cyperus esculentu”
Claim · model-written summary
A 5% tuber extract reduced germinating tubers and shoots per tuber.
- Taxon
- Cyperus esculentut0
- Treatment
- 5% tuber extracte0
- Outcome
- the number of tubers that germinated and the number of shoots per tubere0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The application of a 5% tuber extract to washed tubers reduced both the number of tubers that germinated and the number of shoots per tuber.”
t0“Cyperus esculentu”
Claim · model-written summary
Tuber extracts inhibited germination in six of eight crop seeds tested.
- Taxon
- Cyperus esculentut0
- Treatment
- Tuber extracts (5% or less)e0
- Outcome
- germination in six of eight crop seeds testede0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- six of eighte0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Tuber extracts (5% or less) also inhibited germination in six of eight crop seeds tested.”
t0“Cyperus esculentu”
Claim · model-written summary
Extract concentrations allowing alfalfa germination reduced root growth.
- Taxon
- alfalfa
Medicago sativae0 - Treatment
- Concentrations of the extract that allowed germination of alfalfa seedse0
- Outcome
- root growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concentrations of the extract that allowed germination of alfalfa seeds reduced root growth.”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellic acid initially stimulated tuber germination and shoot number.
- Taxon
- Cyperus esculentut0
- Treatment
- Gibberellic acide0
- Outcome
- germination of tubers and increased the number of shoots per tubere0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
- Qualifier
- initiallye0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Gibberellic acid initially stimulated germination of tubers and increased the number of shoots per tuber”
t0“Cyperus esculentu”
Claim · model-written summary
After five weeks gibberellic acid yielded fewer shoots per tuber than the control.
Verbatim
e0“after 5 weeks, fewer shoots per tuber had been produced than in the control.”
t0“Cyperus esculentu”
e1“Gibberellic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot dry weight increased with gibberellic acid concentration.
- Taxon
- Cyperus esculentut0
- Treatment
- increased concentrations of gibberellic acide0
- Outcome
- Dry weight per shoote0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Dry weight per shoot increased with increased concentrations of gibberellic acid”
t0“Cyperus esculentu”
Claim · model-written summary
The tuber extract was heat stable, nonvolatile, water soluble and dialyzable.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“The tuber extract was heat stable, non-volatile, water-soluble, dialyzable”
t0“Cyperus esculentu”
Claim · model-written summary
The tuber extract was not adsorbed on charcoal or ion-exchange resins.
- Taxon
- Cyperus esculentut0
- Outcome
- not adsorbed on charcoale0
- Qualifier
- not eluted from an alumina column by solvents higher than methanol in the eluotropic seriese0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“not adsorbed on charcoal, not eluted from an alumina column by solvents higher than methanol in the eluotropic series, and was not adsorbed on either cationic- or anionic-exchange resins”
t0“Cyperus esculentu”
Claim · model-written summary
Chromatography gave Rf 0.8 to 1 with butanol: ethanol:water.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- butanol: ethanol:watere0
- Outcome
- Rfe0
- Value
- between 0.8 and 1e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bioassayed with alfalfa seeds, an Rf between 0.8 and 1 was obtained using butanol: ethanol:water as the solvent system”
Claim · model-written summary
Chromatography gave Rf 0.9 to 1 with butanol:acetic acid:water.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- butanol:acetic acid:watere0
- Outcome
- Rfe0
- Value
- between 0.9 and 1e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bioassayed with alfalfa seeds, an Rf between 0.8 and 1 was obtained using butanol: ethanol:water as the solvent system and an Rf between 0.9 and 1 using butanol:acetic acid:water as the solvent system”
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