Abstract
We grew bush beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Improved Tendergreen) in nutrient solutions with two elevated levels of Zn and two of Co singly and in factorial combination. Levels were high enough to result in some toxicity in comparison with a control in which no Co and an adequate amount of Zn were added. In relationship with the control treatment, the low Co treatment increased vegetative yield, while the high Co decreased yield. The ability of the low Co level to increase yield was a function of the applied Zn level. Yield increases for low Co were 31, 11, and 0%, for increasing levels of Zn. Both elevated Zn levels were toxic. When the elevated levels of Co and Zn were interacted, synergistic, additive, and protective effects were all observed. Phosphorus, Fe, Co, and Zn concentrations in plant parts were involved in the interactions. The combination of highest Zn and Co resulted in most depression of Fe in leaves. Cobalt somewhat suppressed the ability of high Zn to depress uptake of K + Ca + Mg, which effect decreased synergism. The protective effect was the result of Zn depressing leaf concentration of Co.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Low cobalt increased bush bean vegetative yield relative to the control.
Verbatim
t0“BUSH BEANS”
e0“In relationship with the control treatment, the low Co treatment increased vegetative yield”
Claim · model-written summary
High cobalt decreased bush bean yield relative to the control.
Verbatim
t0“BUSH BEANS”
e0“In relationship with the control treatment, the low Co treatment increased vegetative yield, while the high Co decreased yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The low cobalt yield benefit declined across increasing zinc levels, with increases of 31, 11, and 0%.
Verbatim
t0“BUSH BEANS”
e0“Yield increases for low Co were 31, 11, and 0%, for increasing levels of Zn”
Claim · model-written summary
Both elevated zinc levels were toxic to bush beans.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
t0“BUSH BEANS”
e0“Both elevated Zn levels were toxic”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated cobalt and zinc combinations produced synergistic, additive, and protective effects.
- Taxon
- BUSH BEANSt0
- Treatment
- elevated levels of Co and Zne0
- Outcome
- synergistic, additive, and protective effectse0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“BUSH BEANS”
e0“When the elevated levels of Co and Zn were interacted, synergistic, additive, and protective effects were all observed”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest zinc and cobalt combination caused the greatest depression of leaf iron.
- Taxon
- BUSH BEANSt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- highest Zn and Coe0
- Outcome
- Fe in leavese0
- Direction
- most depressione0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“BUSH BEANS”
e0“The combination of highest Zn and Co resulted in most depression of Fe in leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Cobalt somewhat suppressed the reduction in potassium, calcium, and magnesium uptake caused by high zinc.
Verbatim
t0“BUSH BEANS”
e0“Cobalt somewhat suppressed the ability of high Zn to depress uptake of K + Ca + Mg”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc lowered leaf cobalt concentration, explaining the protective effect.
Verbatim
t0“BUSH BEANS”
e0“The protective effect was the result of Zn depressing leaf concentration of Co”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.