Abstract
The amount and distribution of proteins of the light‐harvesting complex associated with photosystem II (PS II) were investigated using immunogold labelling of chloroplasts of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Walde). The seedlings were grown in weak red light (16 mW m −2 ) after imbibition of grains with SAN‐9789 (Norflurazon, 0.028 to 28 mg I −1 ). Chloroplasts of these plants exhibited thylakoids with different degrees of stacking. Thylakoids of untreated plants grown in a greenhouse had most gold particles per unit membrane length in both appressed and non‐appressed regions compared to red light grown plants. The ratios of labelling between appressed and non‐appressed membranes were fairly constant in red light‐ and greenhouse‐grown plants. The labelling densities were 2.5–3 times higher in the appressed thylakoids compared to the non‐appressed thylakoids. However, at a SAN concentration of 2.8 mg I −1 there was a sharp decrease in thylakoid appressions and in labelling density of both appressed and non‐appressed membranes. The total amount of particles per chloroplast was also much lower as compared to that at lower SAN concentrations. Plants treated with the highest concentration of SAN (28 mg I −1 ) contained chloroplasts devoid of normal grana structures. In these plastids, the thylakoids were elongated and single. The labelling density in these membranes was ca 50% of that observed at 2.8 mg I −1 . This paper thus supports earlier observations that proteins of the light‐harvesting complex of PS II (LHC II) are mainly localized in the appressed regions of the grana membranes, and may be involved in the formation of grana.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat chloroplasts displayed varying degrees of thylakoid stacking.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Material
- Waldee1
- Organ / stage
- Chloroplastse0
- Outcome
- different degrees of stackinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chloroplasts of these plants exhibited thylakoids with different degrees of stacking.”
e1“chloroplasts of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Walde)”
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated greenhouse-grown wheat thylakoids had more gold particles per membrane length than red-light-grown plants.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Organ / stage
- Thylakoidse0
- Treatment
- greenhousee0
- Outcome
- gold particles per unit membrane lengthe0
- Direction
- moste0
- Comparator
- red light grown plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thylakoids of untreated plants grown in a greenhouse had most gold particles per unit membrane length in both appressed and non‐appressed regions compared to red light grown plants.”
e1“chloroplasts of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Walde)”
Claim · model-written summary
The ratio of labelling between appressed and non-appressed membranes was fairly constant across red-light and greenhouse conditions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- ratios of labellinge0
- Direction
- fairly constante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ratios of labelling between appressed and non‐appressed membranes were fairly constant in red light‐ and greenhouse‐grown plants.”
e1“chloroplasts of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Walde)”
Claim · model-written summary
Labelling density was 2.5–3 times higher in appressed than non-appressed thylakoids.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Organ / stage
- appressed thylakoidse0
- Outcome
- labelling densitiese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 2.5–3 timese0
- Comparator
- non‐appressed thylakoidse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The labelling densities were 2.5–3 times higher in the appressed thylakoids compared to the non‐appressed thylakoids.”
e1“chloroplasts of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Walde)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 2.8 mg I −1 SAN, wheat thylakoid appressions decreased sharply.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- SAN concentration of 2.8 mg I −1e0
- Outcome
- thylakoid appressionse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at a SAN concentration of 2.8 mg I −1 there was a sharp decrease in thylakoid appressions and in labelling density of both appressed and non‐appressed membranes.”
e1“chloroplasts of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Walde)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 2.8 mg I −1 SAN, labelling density decreased sharply in appressed and non-appressed membranes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- SAN concentration of 2.8 mg I −1e0
- Outcome
- labelling density of both appressed and non‐appressed membranese0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at a SAN concentration of 2.8 mg I −1 there was a sharp decrease in thylakoid appressions and in labelling density of both appressed and non‐appressed membranes.”
e1“chloroplasts of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Walde)”
Claim · model-written summary
Total gold particles per chloroplast were much lower than at lower SAN concentrations.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- SAN concentration of 2.8 mg I −1e1
- Outcome
- total amount of particles per chloroplaste0
- Direction
- much lowere0
- Comparator
- lower SAN concentrationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The total amount of particles per chloroplast was also much lower as compared to that at lower SAN concentrations.”
e1“at a SAN concentration of 2.8 mg I −1”
e2“chloroplasts of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Walde)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 28 mg I −1 SAN, wheat chloroplasts lacked normal grana.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- SAN (28 mg I −1 )e0
- Outcome
- chloroplasts devoid of normal grana structurese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants treated with the highest concentration of SAN (28 mg I −1 ) contained chloroplasts devoid of normal grana structures.”
e1“chloroplasts of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Walde)”
Claim · model-written summary
At the highest SAN concentration, plastid thylakoids were elongated and single.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- SAN (28 mg I −1 )e1
- Outcome
- thylakoids were elongated and singlee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In these plastids, the thylakoids were elongated and single.”
e1“Plants treated with the highest concentration of SAN (28 mg I −1 )”
e2“chloroplasts of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Walde)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 28 mg I −1 SAN, labelling density was about 50% of that at 2.8 mg I −1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- SAN (28 mg I −1 )e1
- Outcome
- labelling densitye0
- Direction
- ca 50% ofe0
- Value
- ca 50%e0
- Comparator
- 2.8 mg I −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The labelling density in these membranes was ca 50% of that observed at 2.8 mg I −1 .”
e1“Plants treated with the highest concentration of SAN (28 mg I −1 )”
e2“chloroplasts of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Walde)”
Claim · model-written summary
LHC II proteins were mainly localized in appressed grana membrane regions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Gene
- LHC IIe0
- Outcome
- mainly localized in the appressed regions of the grana membranese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“proteins of the light‐harvesting complex of PS II (LHC II) are mainly localized in the appressed regions of the grana membranes”
e1“chloroplasts of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Walde)”
Claim · model-written summary
LHC II proteins may participate in grana formation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Gene
- LHC IIe0
- Outcome
- formation of granae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“proteins of the light‐harvesting complex of PS II (LHC II) are mainly localized in the appressed regions of the grana membranes, and may be involved in the formation of grana.”
e1“chloroplasts of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Walde)”