Abstract
ABSTRACT The effects of cadmium (Cd) exposure on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) nutrient accumulation remain unclear. However, studies concerning crop improvement for Cd tolerance suggest the use of biotechnology techniques such as tissue culture. It is still unknown whether in vitro cells respond to Cd exposure in a way similar to plants. In this paper, the objectives were (1) to characterize the effects of Cd exposure in macronutrient and micronutrient accumulation in different sunflower organs/tissues and (2) to compare the behavior of two culture systems (plants vs. tissue culture) regarding Cd and nutrient accumulation. To achieve these aims, sunflower plants were grown hydroponically in the presence of Cd (at levels of 0, 5, 50, and 500 μ M). For in vitro cultures, seeds were germinated axenically and leaf explants were then grown on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS). One-month-old calluses were grown on MS medium containing 0, 5, 50, and 500 μ M Cd. After 21 d of exposure to 500 μ M, all plants were dead. The contents of macro- and micronutrients and of Cd were determined by ICPS in 18 d-exposed plants and calluses and in calluses exposed for six months to 50 μ M Cd. At day 18, Cd content increased in leaves, roots, and calluses. Cadmium exposure also decreased the contents of magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) in roots and of Mg, Ca, copper (Cu), Fe, and Mn in shoots. Exposed calluses suffered decreases only in Mg, Ca, and Mn contents. The contents of most of these nutrients in six-month-exposed calluses were similar to those of the control calluses, indicating that these long-term exposed in vitro cells developed mechanisms for regulating the effects of Cd on the accumulation of nutrients.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
All sunflower plants died after 21 days at 500 μM cadmium.
- Taxon
- Sunflower
Helianthus annuust0 - Treatment
- 500 μ Me0
- Outcome
- all plants were deade0
- Qualifier
- 21 de0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 21 d of exposure to 500 μ M, all plants were dead.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium content increased in sunflower leaves, roots and calluses at day 18.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- leaves, roots, and callusese0
- Treatment
- Cde0
- Outcome
- Cd contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- day 18e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At day 18, Cd content increased in leaves, roots, and calluses.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium exposure decreased Mg, Ca and Mn contents in sunflower roots.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- Cadmium exposuree0
- Outcome
- contents of magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) in rootse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium exposure also decreased the contents of magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) in roots and of Mg, Ca, copper (Cu), Fe, and Mn in shoots.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium exposure decreased Fe content in sunflower roots.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- Cadmium exposuree0
- Outcome
- iron (Fe)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium exposure also decreased the contents of magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) in roots and of Mg, Ca, copper (Cu), Fe, and Mn in shoots.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium exposure decreased Mg, Ca and Cu contents in sunflower shoots.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- Cadmium exposuree0
- Outcome
- Mg, Ca, copper (Cu), Fe, and Mn in shootse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium exposure also decreased the contents of magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) in roots and of Mg, Ca, copper (Cu), Fe, and Mn in shoots.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium exposure decreased Fe and Mn contents in sunflower shoots.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- Cadmium exposuree0
- Outcome
- Fe, and Mn in shootse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium exposure also decreased the contents of magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) in roots and of Mg, Ca, copper (Cu), Fe, and Mn in shoots.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Exposed sunflower calluses showed decreases only in Mg, Ca and Mn contents.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- callusese0
- Treatment
- Exposede0
- Outcome
- Mg, Ca, and Mn contentse0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exposed calluses suffered decreases only in Mg, Ca, and Mn contents.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Most measured nutrient contents in sunflower calluses after six months of cadmium exposure were similar to controls.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- callusese0
- Treatment
- six-month-exposede0
- Outcome
- contents of most of these nutrientse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- control callusese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The contents of most of these nutrients in six-month-exposed calluses were similar to those of the control calluses, indicating that these long-term exposed in vitro cells developed mechanisms for regulating the effects of Cd on the accumulation of nutrients.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors inferred that long-term exposed sunflower callus cells developed mechanisms regulating cadmium effects on nutrient accumulation.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- in vitro cellse0
- Outcome
- effects of Cd on the accumulation of nutrientse0
- Qualifier
- developed mechanisms for regulatinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The contents of most of these nutrients in six-month-exposed calluses were similar to those of the control calluses, indicating that these long-term exposed in vitro cells developed mechanisms for regulating the effects of Cd on the accumulation of nutrients.”
t0“Sunflower”
The same questions in other papers
cadmium atom · nutrient: content · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →heavy metal · nutrient: content · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.