Abstract
The effects of soil cadmium (Cd) contamination on Cd accumulation and distribution, growth and physiological responses of sunflower plants were investigated. Plants were subject to six levels of soil contamination (from 2.5 to 15 mg Cd kg/soil) with an untreated control, from the emergence of the cotyledon leaves until the harvest, when plants were at the flower bud stage. An overall increase of Cd concentration was found in all tissues of the plants (roots, stem, young, mature and old leaves) by increasing the Cd contamination in the soil. Regardless of treatments, Cd concentration in roots always exceeded those in the aboveground dry matter with a low translocation from roots to shoots. At early stage of growth, Cd concentration in plants was higher than at the flower bud stage. Soil Cd contamination did not affect plant growth, relative water content and gas exchange parameters. Negative and significant correlation was only found between Cd concentration in the young leaves and chlorophyll concentration at the end of vegetative growing stage. Roots and old leaves are the main metal sinks suggesting a defense or tolerance mechanism of the plants to avoid toxic levels in physiologically most active apical tissues. These results should be tested in open field to verify the suitability of sunflower in the area of phytotechnologies.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium concentration increased in all sampled sunflower tissues as soil cadmium contamination rose.
- Taxon
- sunflower plants
Helianthus annuust0 - Organ / stage
- roots, stem, young, mature and old leavese0
- Treatment
- Cd contamination in the soile0
- Outcome
- Cd concentratione0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An overall increase of Cd concentration was found in all tissues of the plants (roots, stem, young, mature and old leaves) by increasing the Cd contamination in the soil”
t0“sunflower plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Root cadmium concentration exceeded that in aboveground dry matter regardless of treatment.
- Taxon
- sunflower plantsHelianthus annuust0
- Outcome
- Cd concentration in rootse0
- Direction
- exceedede0
- Comparator
- aboveground dry mattere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Regardless of treatments, Cd concentration in roots always exceeded those in the aboveground dry matter with a low translocation from roots to shoots”
t0“sunflower plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium translocation from sunflower roots to shoots was low.
- Taxon
- sunflower plantsHelianthus annuust0
- Outcome
- translocation from roots to shootse0
- Direction
- lowe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with a low translocation from roots to shoots”
t0“sunflower plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant cadmium concentration was higher at an early growth stage than at flower bud stage.
- Taxon
- sunflower plantsHelianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- early stage of growthe0
- Outcome
- Cd concentration in plantse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- flower bud stagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At early stage of growth, Cd concentration in plants was higher than at the flower bud stage”
t0“sunflower plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil cadmium contamination did not affect sunflower growth, relative water content, or gas exchange parameters.
- Taxon
- sunflower plantsHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Soil Cd contaminatione0
- Outcome
- plant growth, relative water content and gas exchange parameterse0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil Cd contamination did not affect plant growth, relative water content and gas exchange parameters”
t0“sunflower plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium concentration in young leaves was negatively correlated with chlorophyll concentration at the end of vegetative growth.
- Taxon
- sunflower plantsHelianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- young leavese0
- Compound
- Cd concentratione0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll concentratione0
- Direction
- Negativee0
- Qualifier
- at the end of vegetative growing stagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Negative and significant correlation was only found between Cd concentration in the young leaves and chlorophyll concentration at the end of vegetative growing stage”
t0“sunflower plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Roots and old leaves were the main cadmium sinks.
- Taxon
- sunflower plantsHelianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- Roots and old leavese0
- Outcome
- main metal sinkse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Roots and old leaves are the main metal sinks”
t0“sunflower plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest testing these results in the open field to assess sunflower suitability for phytotechnologies.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Outcome
- should be tested in open fielde0
- Qualifier
- suitability of sunflower in the area of phytotechnologiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These results should be tested in open field to verify the suitability of sunflower in the area of phytotechnologies”
The same questions in other papers
cadmium atom · physiology: gas exchange · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results differ
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
- negative
cadmium atom · nutrient: content · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →heavy metal · nutrient: content · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
heavy metal · physiology: gas exchange · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.