Abstract
Transgenic lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. 'Cortina') lines expressing the asparagine synthetase A gene from Escherichia coli were produced to alter the plant nitrogen status and eventually enhance growth. The relative molecular abundance of water-soluble metabolites was measured by 1H NMR in transgenic and conventional plants at early developmental stages and grown under the same conditions. NMR metabolic profiles assessed that a transgenic line and the wild-type counterpart shared the same compounds, but it also revealed side effects on the carbon metabolism following genetic modification. Concerning the nitrogen status, the amino acid content did not vary significantly, except for glutamic acid and gamma-aminobutyric acid, which diminished in the transgenics. As for the carbon metabolism, in transgenic leaves the contents of sucrose, glucose, and fructose decreased, whereas that of inulin increased up to 30 times, accompanied by the alteration of most Krebs's cycle organic acids and the rise of tartaric acid compared to nontransformed controls. Lettuce leaf inulins consisted of short oligomeric chains made of one glucose unit bound to two/four fructose units. Inulins are beneficial for human health, and they are extracted from plants and commercialized as long-chain types, whereas the short forms are synthesized chemically. Hence, lettuce genotypes with high content of foliar short-chain inulin represent useful materials for breeding strategies and a potential source for low molecular weight inulin.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
The transgenic line and wild type contained the same detected compounds.
- Taxon
- Lettuce
Lactuca sativat0 - Material
- transgenic linee0
- Outcome
- same compoundse0
- Comparator
- wild-type counterparte0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a transgenic line and the wild-type counterpart shared the same compounds”
t0“Lettuce Plants (Lactuca sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Genetic modification altered lettuce carbon metabolism.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- genetic modificatione0
- Outcome
- carbon metabolisme0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“side effects on the carbon metabolism following genetic modification”
t0“Lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Amino acid content generally did not vary significantly.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- transgenicse1
- Outcome
- amino acid contente0
- Direction
- did not varye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the amino acid content did not vary significantly, except for glutamic acid and gamma-aminobutyric acid”
e1“in the transgenics”
t0“Lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Glutamic acid diminished in transgenic lettuce.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- transgenicse0
- Outcome
- glutamic acide0
- Direction
- diminishede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“glutamic acid and gamma-aminobutyric acid, which diminished in the transgenics”
t0“Lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Gamma-aminobutyric acid diminished in transgenic lettuce.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- transgenicse0
- Outcome
- gamma-aminobutyric acide0
- Direction
- diminishede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“glutamic acid and gamma-aminobutyric acid, which diminished in the transgenics”
t0“Lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Sucrose, glucose, and fructose contents decreased in transgenic leaves.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- transgenice0
- Outcome
- contents of sucrose, glucose, and fructosee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- nontransformed controlse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in transgenic leaves the contents of sucrose, glucose, and fructose decreased”
e1“compared to nontransformed controls”
t0“Lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Inulin content increased up to 30 times in transgenic lettuce leaves.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- transgenice0
- Outcome
- inuline0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 30 timese0
- Comparator
- nontransformed controlse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in transgenic leaves the contents of sucrose, glucose, and fructose decreased, whereas that of inulin increased up to 30 times”
e1“compared to nontransformed controls”
t0“Lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Most Krebs cycle organic acids were altered in transgenic lettuce.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- transgenice1
- Outcome
- Krebs's cycle organic acidse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“alteration of most Krebs's cycle organic acids”
e1“in transgenic leaves”
t0“Lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Tartaric acid rose in transgenic lettuce leaves.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- transgenice1
- Outcome
- tartaric acide0
- Direction
- risee0
- Comparator
- nontransformed controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the rise of tartaric acid compared to nontransformed controls”
e1“in transgenic leaves”
t0“Lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Lettuce leaf inulins had short chains of one glucose and two to four fructose units.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativae0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Outcome
- short oligomeric chainse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lettuce leaf inulins consisted of short oligomeric chains made of one glucose unit bound to two/four fructose units”
Claim · model-written summary
High-inulin lettuce genotypes are proposed as breeding material and an inulin source.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Outcome
- useful materials for breeding strategies and a potential source for low molecular weight inuline0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lettuce genotypes with high content of foliar short-chain inulin represent useful materials for breeding strategies and a potential source for low molecular weight inulin”
The same questions in other papers
transgenic · molecular: metabolites · Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.