Abstract
During the last decades, biochar (BC) gained increasing importance amongst scholars. Though, only a few studies explored the effects of the combined application of BC with manure on plant growth and nutrient concentrations. This study investigates the effects of separate and joint applications of goat manure (GM) and its derived BC on the growth and mineral element concentrations in lettuce. A completely random design was used in the field experiment. Two factors consisted of GM, BC at 5 Mg ha-1 and 10 Mg ha-1 combined with inorganic fertilizers [nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK)] at 100%, 50%, and 0% were applied to the soil before planting the lettuce and, ANOVA analysis and Duncan test (at α=5%) were conducted. The results showed that a joint application of inorganic and organic fertilizers affects significantly the yield and yield parameters of the lettuce whilst the separate application of organic fertilizer affects significantly the lettuce content in N, P, K, Ca and Mg. Compared to GM, the application of GM-derived BC increases significantly the lettuce content in Zn and decreases its content in Cu. In addition, the highest total yield of lettuce was obtained with a joint combination of GM, BC, and 100% NPK (100 kg N ha-1, 100 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 100 kg K2O ha-1). Consequently, this combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers is favorable fertilization in producing lettuce.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Joint inorganic and organic fertilizer application significantly affected lettuce yield.
- Taxon
- lettuce
Lactuca sativae1 - Treatment
- a joint application of inorganic and organic fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- yielde0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a joint application of inorganic and organic fertilizers affects significantly the yield and yield parameters of the lettuce”
e1“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Joint inorganic and organic fertilizer application significantly affected lettuce yield parameters.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- a joint application of inorganic and organic fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- yield parameterse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a joint application of inorganic and organic fertilizers affects significantly the yield and yield parameters of the lettuce”
e1“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Separate organic fertilizer application significantly affected lettuce N, P and K content.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- separate application of organic fertilizere0
- Outcome
- lettuce content in N, P, Ke0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the separate application of organic fertilizer affects significantly the lettuce content in N, P, K, Ca and Mg.”
t0“Lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Separate organic fertilizer application significantly affected lettuce Ca and Mg content.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- separate application of organic fertilizere0
- Outcome
- Ca and Mge0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the separate application of organic fertilizer affects significantly the lettuce content in N, P, K, Ca and Mg.”
t0“Lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Compared with goat manure, derived biochar significantly increased lettuce Zn content.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- GM-derived BCe0
- Outcome
- lettuce content in Zne0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Comparator
- GMe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to GM, the application of GM-derived BC increases significantly the lettuce content in Zn and decreases its content in Cu.”
t0“Lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Compared with goat manure, derived biochar significantly decreased lettuce Cu content.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- GM-derived BCe0
- Outcome
- content in Cue0
- Direction
- decreasese0
- Comparator
- GMe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to GM, the application of GM-derived BC increases significantly the lettuce content in Zn and decreases its content in Cu.”
t0“Lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination of goat manure, biochar and 100% NPK produced the highest lettuce total yield.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- joint combination of GM, BC, and 100% NPK (100 kg N ha-1, 100 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 100 kg K2O ha-1)e0
- Outcome
- total yield of lettucee0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest total yield of lettuce was obtained with a joint combination of GM, BC, and 100% NPK (100 kg N ha-1, 100 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 100 kg K2O ha-1).”
t0“Lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors favor combined organic and inorganic fertilizers for lettuce production.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Outcome
- this combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers is favorable fertilization in producing lettucee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers is favorable fertilization in producing lettuce.”
t0“Lettuce”
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