Abstract
Miniature roses (Rosa sp.) and Kalanchoe blossfeldiana were grown at photon flux densities (PFD) ranging from 60 to 670 μmol·m-2·s-1 (associated with a temperature gradient from 20.0°C to 24.0°C [TEMP1]) and from 50 to 370μmol·m-2-s-1 (associated with a temperature gradient from 22.5°C to 26.5°C [TEMP2]). The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse compartment at latitude 59° north in mid-winter. The daily photosynthetic active radiations (PAR) ranged from 4.3 to 48.2 and 3.6 to 26.6 mol·m-2·day-1 in the TEMP1 and TEMP2 treatments, respectively. Time until flowering in miniature roses decreased from about 50 to 35 days in the TEMP1 treatment and from 50 to 25 days in the TEMP2 treatment, when the PFD increased from 50 to 370μmol·m-2·s-1. In Kalanchoe time until flowering was decreased to the same extent (about 15 days) in both temperature treatments when PFD increased from 50 to 370 μmol·m-2·s-1. The number of flowers and the plant dry weight in miniature roses increased up to 300 – 400 μmol·m-2·s-1 PFD (21.6 - 28.8 mol·m-2 day-1 PAR), while flower stem fresh weight and plant dry weight in Kalanchoe increased up to 200 – 300 μmol·m-2·s-1 at TEMP1. Measurements of the diurnal carbon dioxide exchange rates (CER) in daylight in small plant stands of roses in summertime showed that CER was saturated at about 300 μmol·m-2·s-1 PFD at 370 μmol·mol-1 CO2 and at 400 – 500 μmol·m-2·s-1 PFD at 800 μmol·mol-1 CO2. For Kalanchoe similar results were obtained. Increasing the CO2 concentration from 370 to 800 μmol·mol-1 increased the CER in roses (48%) as well in Kalanchoe (69%). It was concluded that 15 to 20 mol·m-2·day-1 combined with about 24°C air temperature and high CO2 concentration will give a very good growth with lot of flowers within a short production time in miniature roses. For Kalanchoe 10 to 15 mol·m-2·day-1 combined with about 20°C and high CO2 produced a similar result.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Higher PFD shortened miniature rose flowering time from about 50 to 35 days at TEMP1.
- Treatment
- PFD increased from 50 to 370μmol·m-2·s-1e0
- Outcome
- Time until floweringe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- about 50 to 35 dayse0
- Qualifier
- TEMP1 treatmente0
- Comparator
- 50e0
RosaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Time until flowering in miniature roses decreased from about 50 to 35 days in the TEMP1 treatment and from 50 to 25 days in the TEMP2 treatment, when the PFD increased from 50 to 370μmol·m-2·s-1.”
t0“Rosa sp.”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher PFD shortened miniature rose flowering time from 50 to 25 days at TEMP2.
- Treatment
- PFD increased from 50 to 370μmol·m-2·s-1e0
- Outcome
- Time until floweringe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 50 to 25 dayse0
- Qualifier
- TEMP2 treatmente0
- Comparator
- 50e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Time until flowering in miniature roses decreased from about 50 to 35 days in the TEMP1 treatment and from 50 to 25 days in the TEMP2 treatment, when the PFD increased from 50 to 370μmol·m-2·s-1.”
t0“Rosa sp.”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher PFD shortened Kalanchoe flowering time by about 15 days in both temperature treatments.
- Taxon
- Kalanchoe blossfeldiana
_Kalanchoe_blossfeldiana_-_inflorescence.jpg?width=60)
Kalanchoe blossfeldianat0 - Treatment
- PFD increased from 50 to 370 μmol·m-2·s-1e0
- Outcome
- time until floweringe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- about 15 dayse0
- Comparator
- 50e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Kalanchoe_blossfeldiana_-_inflorescence.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“In Kalanchoe time until flowering was decreased to the same extent (about 15 days) in both temperature treatments when PFD increased from 50 to 370 μmol·m-2·s-1.”
t0“Kalanchoe blossfeldiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Rose flower number and plant dry weight increased up to 300–400 PFD.
- Treatment
- PFDe0
- Outcome
- number of flowers and the plant dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 300 – 400 μmol·m-2·s-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The number of flowers and the plant dry weight in miniature roses increased up to 300 – 400 μmol·m-2·s-1 PFD (21.6 - 28.8 mol·m-2 day-1 PAR), while flower stem fresh weight and plant dry weight in Kalanchoe increased up to 200 – 300 μmol·m-2·s-1 at TEMP1.”
t0“Rosa sp.”
Claim · model-written summary
Kalanchoe flower stem fresh weight and plant dry weight increased up to 200–300 PFD at TEMP1.
- Taxon
- Kalanchoe blossfeldianaKalanchoe blossfeldianat0
- Treatment
- PFDe0
- Outcome
- flower stem fresh weight and plant dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 200 – 300 μmol·m-2·s-1e0
- Qualifier
- TEMP1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The number of flowers and the plant dry weight in miniature roses increased up to 300 – 400 μmol·m-2·s-1 PFD (21.6 - 28.8 mol·m-2 day-1 PAR), while flower stem fresh weight and plant dry weight in Kalanchoe increased up to 200 – 300 μmol·m-2·s-1 at TEMP1.”
t0“Kalanchoe blossfeldiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Rose CER saturated near 300 PFD at 370 CO2.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Measurements of the diurnal carbon dioxide exchange rates (CER) in daylight in small plant stands of roses in summertime showed that CER was saturated at about 300 μmol·m-2·s-1 PFD at 370 μmol·mol-1 CO2 and at 400 – 500 μmol·m-2·s-1 PFD at 800 μmol·mol-1 CO2.”
t0“Rosa sp.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rose CER saturated at 400–500 PFD at 800 CO2.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Measurements of the diurnal carbon dioxide exchange rates (CER) in daylight in small plant stands of roses in summertime showed that CER was saturated at about 300 μmol·m-2·s-1 PFD at 370 μmol·mol-1 CO2 and at 400 – 500 μmol·m-2·s-1 PFD at 800 μmol·mol-1 CO2.”
t0“Rosa sp.”
Claim · model-written summary
Kalanchoe showed similar CER saturation patterns.
- Taxon
- Kalanchoe blossfeldianaKalanchoe blossfeldianat0
- Outcome
- similar resultse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For Kalanchoe similar results were obtained.”
t0“Kalanchoe blossfeldiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing CO2 raised rose CER by 48%.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing the CO2 concentration from 370 to 800 μmol·mol-1 increased the CER in roses (48%) as well in Kalanchoe (69%).”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing CO2 raised Kalanchoe CER by 69%.
- Taxon
- Kalanchoe blossfeldianaKalanchoe blossfeldianat0
- Treatment
- CO2 concentration from 370 to 800 μmol·mol-1e0
- Outcome
- CERe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 69%e0
- Comparator
- 370e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing the CO2 concentration from 370 to 800 μmol·mol-1 increased the CER in roses (48%) as well in Kalanchoe (69%).”
t0“Kalanchoe blossfeldiana”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 15 to 20 mol·m-2·day-1, about 24°C and high CO2 for rapid, flower-rich rose production.
- Treatment
- 15 to 20 mol·m-2·day-1 combined with about 24°C air temperature and high CO2 concentratione0
- Outcome
- very good growth with lot of flowers within a short production timee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It was concluded that 15 to 20 mol·m-2·day-1 combined with about 24°C air temperature and high CO2 concentration will give a very good growth with lot of flowers within a short production time in miniature roses.”
t0“Rosa sp.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors give 10 to 15 mol·m-2·day-1, about 20°C and high CO2 for similar Kalanchoe results.
- Taxon
- Kalanchoe blossfeldianaKalanchoe blossfeldianat0
- Treatment
- 10 to 15 mol·m-2·day-1 combined with about 20°C and high CO2e0
- Outcome
- similar resulte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For Kalanchoe 10 to 15 mol·m-2·day-1 combined with about 20°C and high CO2 produced a similar result.”
t0“Kalanchoe blossfeldiana”
The same questions in other papers
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- negative
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co2 · molecular: metabolites · RosaResults agree
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- positive
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.