Abstract
Seven-year-old apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) trees cv. 'Braeburn' on rootstock M.26 were flower-thinned to establish four crop loads, resulting in final mean fruit numbers per tree of 0, 100, 225 and 400. Mean fruit mass decreased by about 35% with each decrease in cropping density. Fruit from light-cropping trees had significantly advanced maturity as indicated by the harvest management criteria of background color and starch/iodine score, and other fruit quality characteristics such as soluble solids. Flesh firmness and dry matter also increased with decreasing crop load. Compared with fruiting trees, mean leaf photosynthetic rates of non-cropping trees were significantly lower (40%) between 75 days after full bloom (dafb) and fruit harvest, with a maximum reduction of almost 60% at 118 dafb. Photosynthetic activity decreased linearly with increasing concentration of leaf starch, but was positively and significantly related to stomatal conductance. Consequently, the accumulation of nonstructural carbohydrates in leaves of light-cropping or non-cropping trees may have led to end-product inhibition of photosynthesis. Increases in xanthophyll cycle carotenoids mediated non-radiative thermal energy dissipation in non-cropping trees, providing increased capacity for photoprotection but reducing photochemical efficiency.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Mean fruit mass decreased by about 35% with each decrease in cropping density.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- cropping densitye1
- Outcome
- Mean fruit masse1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- about 35%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple”
e1“Mean fruit mass decreased by about 35% with each decrease in cropping density”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit from light-cropping trees had significantly advanced maturity by background color and starch/iodine score.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- light-cropping treese1
- Outcome
- maturitye1
- Direction
- advancede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple”
e1“Fruit from light-cropping trees had significantly advanced maturity as indicated by the harvest management criteria of background color and starch/iodine score”
Claim · model-written summary
Flesh firmness and dry matter increased with decreasing crop load.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- decreasing crop loade1
- Outcome
- Flesh firmness and dry mattere1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple”
e1“Flesh firmness and dry matter also increased with decreasing crop load”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean leaf photosynthetic rates of non-cropping trees were significantly lower (40%) than fruiting trees between 75 days after full bloom and harvest.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- non-cropping treese1
- Outcome
- mean leaf photosynthetic ratese1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Value
- 40%e1
- Qualifier
- between 75 days after full bloom (dafb) and fruit harveste1
- Comparator
- fruiting treese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple”
e1“Compared with fruiting trees, mean leaf photosynthetic rates of non-cropping trees were significantly lower (40%) between 75 days after full bloom (dafb) and fruit harvest, with a maximum reduction of almost 60% at 118 dafb”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum reduction in photosynthetic rate of non-cropping trees was almost 60% at 118 days after full bloom.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- non-cropping treese1
- Outcome
- mean leaf photosynthetic ratese1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Value
- almost 60%e1
- Qualifier
- 118 dafbe1
- Comparator
- fruiting treese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple”
e1“Compared with fruiting trees, mean leaf photosynthetic rates of non-cropping trees were significantly lower (40%) between 75 days after full bloom (dafb) and fruit harvest, with a maximum reduction of almost 60% at 118 dafb”
Claim · model-written summary
Photosynthetic activity decreased linearly with increasing leaf starch concentration.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- leafe1
- Compound
- leaf starche1
- Outcome
- Photosynthetic activitye1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple”
e1“Photosynthetic activity decreased linearly with increasing concentration of leaf starch, but was positively and significantly related to stomatal conductance”
Claim · model-written summary
Photosynthetic activity was positively and significantly related to stomatal conductance.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- leafe1
- Outcome
- Photosynthetic activitye1
- Direction
- positivelye1
- Qualifier
- stomatal conductancee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple”
e1“Photosynthetic activity decreased linearly with increasing concentration of leaf starch, but was positively and significantly related to stomatal conductance”
Claim · model-written summary
Accumulation of nonstructural carbohydrates in leaves of light-cropping or non-cropping trees may have led to end-product inhibition of photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Compound
- nonstructural carbohydratese1
- Outcome
- end-product inhibition of photosynthesise1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple”
e1“the accumulation of nonstructural carbohydrates in leaves of light-cropping or non-cropping trees may have led to end-product inhibition of photosynthesis”
Claim · model-written summary
Increases in xanthophyll cycle carotenoids mediated non-radiative thermal energy dissipation in non-cropping trees, increasing capacity for photoprotection.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- non-cropping treese1
- Compound
- xanthophyll cycle carotenoidse1
- Outcome
- non-radiative thermal energy dissipatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple”
e1“Increases in xanthophyll cycle carotenoids mediated non-radiative thermal energy dissipation in non-cropping trees, providing increased capacity for photoprotection”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-cropping trees had reduced photochemical efficiency.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- non-cropping treese1
- Outcome
- photochemical efficiencye1
- Direction
- reducinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple”
e1“Increases in xanthophyll cycle carotenoids mediated non-radiative thermal energy dissipation in non-cropping trees, providing increased capacity for photoprotection but reducing photochemical efficiency”