Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic fungal pathogen that impacts a wide range of hosts, including Arabidopsis. Pretreatment with nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on Arabidopsis leaves suppressed Botrytis cinerea infection development. Additionally, in this study the dosage levels of SNP applied to the leaves had no direct, toxic impact on the development of the pathogen. The relationship between NO and reactive oxidant species (ROS) was studied by using both spectrophotometrical methods and staining leaf material with fluorescent dyes, nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT), and with 3,3-diaminobenzidine (DAB). The results showed that exogenous NO restrained the generation of ROS, especially H2O2, as the pathogen interacted with the Arabidopsis plant. And this inhibition of reactive oxidant burst coincided with delay infection development in NO-supplied leaves. The influence of elevated level of NO on antioxidant enzymes was investigated in this study. The activities of catalase (CAT) and guaiacol peroxidase (POD) were increased to different degrees in both: 1) SNP treated only leaves, and 2) SNP pretreated leaves that were subsequently inoculateted with pathogens. However, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was unchanged in the leaves studied. The decrease in H2O2 content probably resulted from the increase in activities of POD and CAT. Our study suggests that NO might trigger some metabolic reactions, i.e. enhanced enzyme activity that restrains H2O2 which ultimately results in resistance to B. cinerea infection.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
SNP pretreatment suppressed Botrytis cinerea infection development in Arabidopsis leaves.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Treatment
- Pretreatment with nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP)e0
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinerea
Botrytis cinereae0pathogen - Outcome
- Botrytis cinerea infection developmente0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pretreatment with nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on Arabidopsis leaves suppressed Botrytis cinerea infection development.”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP dose levels had no direct toxic impact on pathogen development.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Treatment
- SNP applied to the leavese0
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinereaBotrytis cinereae1pathogen
- Outcome
- development of the pathogene0
- Direction
- no direct, toxic impacte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the dosage levels of SNP applied to the leaves had no direct, toxic impact on the development of the pathogen.”
e1“Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic fungal pathogen that impacts a wide range of hosts, including Arabidopsis.”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous NO restrained ROS generation, especially H2O2, during pathogen interaction.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- exogenous NOe0
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinereaBotrytis cinereae1pathogen
- Outcome
- generation of ROS, especially H2O2e0
- Direction
- restrainede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous NO restrained the generation of ROS, especially H2O2, as the pathogen interacted with the Arabidopsis plant.”
e1“Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic fungal pathogen”
Claim · model-written summary
Inhibition of the oxidant burst coincided with delayed infection development in NO-supplied leaves.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Treatment
- NO-suppliede0
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinereaBotrytis cinereae1pathogen
- Outcome
- delay infection developmente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this inhibition of reactive oxidant burst coincided with delay infection development in NO-supplied leaves.”
e1“Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic fungal pathogen that impacts a wide range of hosts, including Arabidopsis.”
Claim · model-written summary
CAT and POD activities increased in SNP-only and SNP-pretreated pathogen-inoculated leaves.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Treatment
- SNP treatede0
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinereaBotrytis cinereae2pathogen
- Gene
- catalase (CAT) and guaiacol peroxidase (POD)e0
- Outcome
- activities of catalase (CAT) and guaiacol peroxidase (POD)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activities of catalase (CAT) and guaiacol peroxidase (POD) were increased to different degrees in both: 1) SNP treated only leaves, and 2) SNP pretreated leaves that were subsequently inoculateted with pathogens.”
e1“Arabidopsis leaves”
e2“Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic fungal pathogen”
Claim · model-written summary
SOD activity was unchanged in the studied leaves.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Gene
- superoxide dismutase (SOD)e0
- Outcome
- activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD)e0
- Direction
- unchangede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was unchanged in the leaves studied.”
e1“Arabidopsis leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest higher POD and CAT activities probably lowered H2O2 content.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Gene
- POD and CATe0
- Outcome
- decrease in H2O2 contente0
- Qualifier
- probably resulted frome0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The decrease in H2O2 content probably resulted from the increase in activities of POD and CAT.”
e1“Arabidopsis leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest NO may trigger enzyme activity that restrains H2O2 and leads to Botrytis resistance.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Treatment
- NOe0
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae0pathogen
- Outcome
- resistance to B. cinerea infectione0
- Qualifier
- enhanced enzyme activity that restrains H2O2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NO might trigger some metabolic reactions, i.e. enhanced enzyme activity that restrains H2O2 which ultimately results in resistance to B. cinerea infection.”
e1“Arabidopsis leaves”