Abstract
The expansion of mungbean production in Australia is severely limited by the susceptibility of current cultivars to weather damage in the field. The aim of this research was to describe the causes, process, and effects of weathering in mungbean as the first step toward the breeding of resistant cultivars. Symptoms of weather damage were produced by exposing plants to simulated rainfall/high humidity and by subjecting seeds to cycles of wetting and drying. In both cases, symptoms progressed from discolouration, wrinkling, and cracking of the testa, to germination of the seed. Symptoms produced in controlled experiments were the same as those observed in the field. Only seeds that imbibed during the wetting phase developed symptoms of weather damage on drying. Exposure to one cycle of weathering also advanced the timing and degree of damage to seeds during subsequent cycles. This was associated with an increased rate of water absorption in weathered seeds. The lowering of apparent resistance to weather damage with prior exposure to rainfall suggested that only protected material be screened for weathering resistance. The death of seeds remained the ultimate expression of the changes induced by weathering.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Simulated rainfall or wetting cycles produced weather damage symptoms in mungbean.
- Taxon
- mungbean
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Vigna radiatat0 - Treatment
- simulated rainfall/high humiditye0
- Outcome
- Symptoms of weather damagee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Symptoms of weather damage were produced by exposing plants to simulated rainfall/high humidity and by subjecting seeds to cycles of wetting and drying”
t0“mungbean”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed wetting and drying cycles produced weather damage symptoms.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Treatment
- cycles of wetting and dryinge0
- Outcome
- Symptoms of weather damagee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Symptoms of weather damage were produced by exposing plants to simulated rainfall/high humidity and by subjecting seeds to cycles of wetting and drying”
t0“mungbean”
Claim · model-written summary
Weather damage progressed from testa discoloration, wrinkling and cracking to seed germination.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Organ / stage
- testae0
- Outcome
- discolouration, wrinkling, and cracking of the testa, to germination of the seede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“symptoms progressed from discolouration, wrinkling, and cracking of the testa, to germination of the seed”
t0“mungbean”
Claim · model-written summary
Controlled experiment symptoms matched field symptoms.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Outcome
- Symptomse0
- Comparator
- those observed in the fielde0
- Setting
- fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Symptoms produced in controlled experiments were the same as those observed in the field”
t0“mungbean”
Claim · model-written summary
Only seeds that imbibed during wetting developed weather damage symptoms upon drying.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Outcome
- symptoms of weather damagee0
- Qualifier
- during the wetting phasee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Only seeds that imbibed during the wetting phase developed symptoms of weather damage on drying”
t0“mungbean”
Claim · model-written summary
One prior weathering cycle advanced timing and degree of seed damage in subsequent cycles.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- one cycle of weatheringe0
- Outcome
- timing and degree of damage to seedse0
- Direction
- advancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exposure to one cycle of weathering also advanced the timing and degree of damage to seeds during subsequent cycles”
t0“mungbean”
Claim · model-written summary
Weathered seeds absorbed water at an increased rate.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Outcome
- rate of water absorptione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- weatherede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This was associated with an increased rate of water absorption in weathered seeds”
t0“mungbean”
Claim · model-written summary
Prior rainfall exposure lowered apparent resistance to weather damage.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- prior exposure to rainfalle0
- Outcome
- apparent resistance to weather damagee0
- Direction
- loweringe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lowering of apparent resistance to weather damage with prior exposure to rainfall”
t0“mungbean”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest screening only protected material for weathering resistance.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Outcome
- only protected material be screened for weathering resistancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“suggested that only protected material be screened for weathering resistance”
t0“mungbean”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed death was the ultimate expression of weathering-induced changes.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Outcome
- death of seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The death of seeds remained the ultimate expression of the changes induced by weathering”
t0“mungbean”
The same questions in other papers
irrigation · disease · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
humidity · disease · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.