Abstract
1. Flowering of seedlings of Japanese morning-glory, Pharbitis nil Chois., grown in nutrient solution or in soil is inhibited by far-red and repromoted by red irradiations at the beginning of 16-hour dark periods and inhibited by both red and far-red irradiations at the middle of such dark periods. Older plants are not responsive to red or far-red irradiations at the beginning of the dark period, but, at the middle, red inhibits flowering and far red repromotes it. 2. Seedlings irradiated at the beginning of the dark period flower if at least one cotyledon is either not irradiated with far red or is irradiated with red after far red. Flowering of seedlings following irradiation at the middle of the dark period occurs only if one cotyledon is not irradiated. 3. Action spectra for control of flowering by irradiation of cotyledons were measured at the start and near the middle of inductive dark periods adequate to promote flowering. The energies required at the beginning of the dark period for half-saturation of the far-red and red responses are similar in value to those required for reversible control of flowering of other photoperiodic plants near the middle of inductive dark periods. 4. Approximately the same energies are required for control of flowering by red radiation at the beginning and near the middle of the inductive dark periods. The flowering response potentiated by red radiation, however, is not reversible by far-red radiation near the middle of the dark period and is opposite to the response upon the onset of darkness. About 4 hours in darkness are required for the plant to change from the one to the other type of response.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Far-red irradiation at the start of darkness inhibited seedling flowering.
- Taxon
- Pharbitis nil
Ipomoea nile0 - Organ / stage
- seedlingse0
- Treatment
- far-rede0
- Outcome
- Floweringe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flowering of seedlings of Japanese morning-glory, Pharbitis nil Chois., grown in nutrient solution or in soil is inhibited by far-red and repromoted by red irradiations at the beginning of 16-hour dark periods”
Claim · model-written summary
Red irradiation repromoted seedling flowering at the start of darkness.
- Taxon
- Pharbitis nilIpomoea nile0
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse0
- Treatment
- red irradiationse0
- Outcome
- Floweringe0
- Direction
- repromotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flowering of seedlings of Japanese morning-glory, Pharbitis nil Chois., grown in nutrient solution or in soil is inhibited by far-red and repromoted by red irradiations at the beginning of 16-hour dark periods”
Claim · model-written summary
Both red and far-red irradiation in mid-darkness inhibited seedling flowering.
- Taxon
- Pharbitis nilIpomoea nilt0
- Treatment
- both red and far-red irradiationse0
- Outcome
- inhibitede0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inhibited by both red and far-red irradiations at the middle of such dark periods”
t0“Failure of Photoreversible Control of Flowering in Pharbitis nil”
Claim · model-written summary
Older plants did not respond to red or far-red at the start of darkness.
- Taxon
- Pharbitis nilIpomoea nilt0
- Organ / stage
- Older plantse0
- Treatment
- red or far-red irradiationse0
- Outcome
- not responsivee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Older plants are not responsive to red or far-red irradiations at the beginning of the dark period”
t0“Failure of Photoreversible Control of Flowering in Pharbitis nil”
Claim · model-written summary
Mid-darkness red irradiation inhibited flowering in older plants.
- Taxon
- Pharbitis nilIpomoea nilt0
- Treatment
- rede0
- Outcome
- floweringe0
- Direction
- inhibitse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at the middle, red inhibits flowering and far red repromotes it”
t0“Failure of Photoreversible Control of Flowering in Pharbitis nil”
Claim · model-written summary
Mid-darkness far-red irradiation repromoted flowering in older plants.
- Taxon
- Pharbitis nilIpomoea nilt0
- Treatment
- far rede0
- Outcome
- floweringe0
- Direction
- repromotese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at the middle, red inhibits flowering and far red repromotes it”
t0“Failure of Photoreversible Control of Flowering in Pharbitis nil”
Claim · model-written summary
At dark-period onset, seedlings flowered when at least one cotyledon avoided far-red.
- Taxon
- Pharbitis nilIpomoea nilt0
- Organ / stage
- cotyledone0
- Outcome
- flowere0
- Qualifier
- not irradiated with far rede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings irradiated at the beginning of the dark period flower if at least one cotyledon is either not irradiated with far red or is irradiated with red after far red.”
t0“Failure of Photoreversible Control of Flowering in Pharbitis nil”
Claim · model-written summary
At dark-period onset, seedlings flowered when a cotyledon received red after far-red.
- Taxon
- Pharbitis nilIpomoea nilt0
- Organ / stage
- cotyledone0
- Outcome
- flowere0
- Qualifier
- irradiated with red after far rede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings irradiated at the beginning of the dark period flower if at least one cotyledon is either not irradiated with far red or is irradiated with red after far red.”
t0“Failure of Photoreversible Control of Flowering in Pharbitis nil”
Claim · model-written summary
After mid-darkness irradiation, seedlings flowered only if a cotyledon was unirradiated.
- Taxon
- Pharbitis nilIpomoea nilt0
- Organ / stage
- cotyledone0
- Outcome
- Floweringe0
- Qualifier
- not irradiatede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flowering of seedlings following irradiation at the middle of the dark period occurs only if one cotyledon is not irradiated.”
t0“Failure of Photoreversible Control of Flowering in Pharbitis nil”
Claim · model-written summary
Far-red half-saturation energy at dark onset was similar to energy for reversible flowering control in other plants.
- Taxon
- Pharbitis nilIpomoea nilt0
- Outcome
- energies requirede0
- Direction
- similar in valuee0
- Comparator
- other photoperiodic plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The energies required at the beginning of the dark period for half-saturation of the far-red and red responses are similar in value to those required for reversible control of flowering of other photoperiodic plants near the middle of inductive dark periods.”
t0“Failure of Photoreversible Control of Flowering in Pharbitis nil”
Claim · model-written summary
Red half-saturation energy at dark onset was similar to energy for reversible flowering control in other plants.
- Taxon
- Pharbitis nilIpomoea nilt0
- Outcome
- energies requirede0
- Direction
- similar in valuee0
- Comparator
- other photoperiodic plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The energies required at the beginning of the dark period for half-saturation of the far-red and red responses are similar in value to those required for reversible control of flowering of other photoperiodic plants near the middle of inductive dark periods.”
t0“Failure of Photoreversible Control of Flowering in Pharbitis nil”
Claim · model-written summary
Red irradiation required approximately the same energy at the start and middle of inductive darkness.
- Taxon
- Pharbitis nilIpomoea nilt0
- Outcome
- energiese0
- Direction
- samee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Approximately the same energies are required for control of flowering by red radiation at the beginning and near the middle of the inductive dark periods.”
t0“Failure of Photoreversible Control of Flowering in Pharbitis nil”
Claim · model-written summary
Far-red at mid-darkness did not reverse the flowering response potentiated by red.
- Taxon
- Pharbitis nilIpomoea nilt0
- Treatment
- far-red radiatione0
- Outcome
- flowering responsee0
- Direction
- not reversiblee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The flowering response potentiated by red radiation, however, is not reversible by far-red radiation near the middle of the dark period”
t0“Failure of Photoreversible Control of Flowering in Pharbitis nil”
Claim · model-written summary
The flowering response to red at mid-darkness opposed its response at dark onset.
- Taxon
- Pharbitis nilIpomoea nilt0
- Outcome
- responsee0
- Direction
- oppositee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“is opposite to the response upon the onset of darkness”
t0“Failure of Photoreversible Control of Flowering in Pharbitis nil”
Claim · model-written summary
Transition between the two response types required about four hours of darkness.
- Taxon
- Pharbitis nilIpomoea nilt0
- Outcome
- change from the one to the other type of responsee0
- Value
- 4 hourse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“About 4 hours in darkness are required for the plant to change from the one to the other type of response.”
t0“Failure of Photoreversible Control of Flowering in Pharbitis nil”
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See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.