Abstract
Abstract Crop production in humid climates is often limited by severe thunderstorms that may leave soil flooded or waterlogged for several days. In 2001, a greenhouse study was initiated to determine the tolerance of bush beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to flooding of various durations and at different growth stages. Plants were subjected to eleven flooding treatments lasting from one to eleven days. Flood treatments were initiated when plants reached either early vegetative growth stage (second true leaf open), early reproductive stage (first flower open on the main stem) or late reproductive stage (green seeds fills 1/2 of the pod cavity). In Study 1 flooding during the early vegetative growth stage for one, two and five days resulted in both the number of pods produced and pod fresh weight being statistically similar to that of the non-flooded control. The remaining flood treatments resulted in pod fresh weights 73% or less than the control weight. The number of surviving plants had more influence on the pod fresh weight than did flood duration. The number of pods produced per plant was correlated to pod fresh weight (r2 = 0.90). Only one plant grown to either the early or late reproductive growth stage survived flooding for >24 h. There was a 21% yield reduction for plants flooded for 24 h during the early reproductive growth stage. Flooding for 24 h at the late reproductive stage resulted in a 50% yield reduction. In Study 2 plants flooded during early vegetative growth stage did not flower. Flooding during the late vegetative and flowering growth stages caused a 70% and 49% reduction in yield, respectively. Pod production slowed with increasing flood duration. Yield could be correlated to several plant physical characteristics. We found linear relationships between yield components (pod number and weight) and flood duration, flood timing and leaf area. Greenhouse data indicate that yield reduction can be estimated from changes in plant characteristics resulting from flooding.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Early vegetative flooding for one, two or five days left pod number and pod fresh weight statistically similar to the non-flooded control.
Verbatim
t0“Bush Bean”
e0“In Study 1 flooding during the early vegetative growth stage for one, two and five days resulted in both the number of pods produced and pod fresh weight being statistically similar to that of the non-flooded control”
e1“In 2001, a greenhouse study was initiated”
Claim · model-written summary
The remaining flood treatments gave pod fresh weights 73% or less of the control.
Verbatim
t0“Bush Bean”
e0“The remaining flood treatments resulted in pod fresh weights 73% or less than the control weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Pods per plant was correlated with pod fresh weight (r2 = 0.90).
- Taxon
- Bush Beant0
- Treatment
- number of pods produced per plante0
- Outcome
- pod fresh weighte0
- Value
- r2 = 0.90e0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“Bush Bean”
e0“The number of pods produced per plant was correlated to pod fresh weight (r2 = 0.90)”
Claim · model-written summary
Only one plant grown to the early or late reproductive stage survived flooding longer than 24 h.
Verbatim
t0“Bush Bean”
e0“Only one plant grown to either the early or late reproductive growth stage survived flooding for >24 h”
Claim · model-written summary
Flooding for 24 h at the early reproductive stage reduced yield by 21%.
- Taxon
- Bush Beant0
- Treatment
- flooded for 24 h during the early reproductive growth stagee0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 21%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Bush Bean”
e0“There was a 21% yield reduction for plants flooded for 24 h during the early reproductive growth stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Flooding for 24 h at the late reproductive stage reduced yield by 50%.
- Taxon
- Bush Beant0
- Treatment
- Flooding for 24 h at the late reproductive stagee0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 50%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Bush Bean”
e0“Flooding for 24 h at the late reproductive stage resulted in a 50% yield reduction”
Claim · model-written summary
In Study 2, plants flooded during early vegetative growth did not flower.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“Bush Bean”
e0“plants flooded during early vegetative growth stage did not flower”
Claim · model-written summary
Flooding during the late vegetative stage reduced yield by 70%.
- Taxon
- Bush Beant0
- Treatment
- Flooding during the late vegetativee0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 70%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Bush Bean”
e0“Flooding during the late vegetative and flowering growth stages caused a 70% and 49% reduction in yield, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Flooding during the flowering stage reduced yield by 49%.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Bush Bean”
e0“Flooding during the late vegetative and flowering growth stages caused a 70% and 49% reduction in yield, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Pod production slowed with increasing flood duration.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Bush Bean”
e0“Pod production slowed with increasing flood duration”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield components (pod number and weight) showed linear relationships with flood duration, flood timing and leaf area.
- Taxon
- Bush Beant0
- Treatment
- flood duration, flood timing and leaf areae0
- Outcome
- yield components (pod number and weight)e0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“Bush Bean”
e0“We found linear relationships between yield components (pod number and weight) and flood duration, flood timing and leaf area”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.