Abstract
Abstract The phytotoxicity of arsenic to paddy rice was examined by the pot culture method using Utsunomiya grey lowland soil which had received nutrient salts including ammonium sulfate with or without additional rice straw powder as a reducing agent. By treatment with 50 ppm of arsenic and straw, plant growth was retarded from the beginning of culture, and about 6 weeks later, at the middle of July, small reddish black spots emerged near the tips of expanded green leaves. The spots then increased and spread over the whole leaves resulting in bronzing and final dieback in about the mid-August. On treatment with higher concentrations of arsenic and straw, the plants were more severely injured and died through bronzing at earlier stages. All such dead plants were found to have accumulated abnormally high iron in their leaf tissues. On treatment with lower concentrations of arsenic and straw or in the case of higher arsenic without straw, plant growth and grain yield were reduced with the occurrence of partial bronzing or oranging of leaves and the iron content of the plants was somewhat increased. These results indicate that arsenic may induce ferrous iron toxicity which intensifies the toxicity of arsenic to paddy rice. Key Words: arsenic toxicitypaddy ricebronzingferrous iron toxicity
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Arsenic and straw at 50 ppm retarded paddy rice growth from the start of culture.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“paddy rice”
e0“By treatment with 50 ppm of arsenic and straw, plant growth was retarded from the beginning of culture”
Claim · model-written summary
Arsenic and straw caused reddish black leaf spots that spread into bronzing and dieback.
- Taxon
- paddy ricet0
- Organ / stage
- expanded green leavese0
- Treatment
- arsenic and strawe1
- Outcome
- small reddish black spotse0
- Qualifier
- bronzing and final diebacke0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
t0“paddy rice”
e0“small reddish black spots emerged near the tips of expanded green leaves. The spots then increased and spread over the whole leaves resulting in bronzing and final dieback in about the mid-August”
e1“By treatment with 50 ppm of arsenic and straw, plant growth was retarded from the beginning of culture”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher arsenic concentrations with straw caused more severe injury and earlier death through bronzing.
- Taxon
- paddy ricet0
- Treatment
- higher concentrations of arsenic and strawe0
- Outcome
- the plants were more severely injured and died through bronzinge0
- Direction
- more severelye0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“paddy rice”
e0“On treatment with higher concentrations of arsenic and straw, the plants were more severely injured and died through bronzing at earlier stages”
Claim · model-written summary
Dead paddy rice plants accumulated abnormally high leaf iron.
Verbatim
t0“paddy rice”
e0“All such dead plants were found to have accumulated abnormally high iron in their leaf tissues”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower arsenic with straw or higher arsenic without straw reduced growth and grain yield.
- Taxon
- paddy ricet0
- Treatment
- lower concentrations of arsenic and straw or in the case of higher arsenic without strawe0
- Outcome
- plant growth and grain yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“paddy rice”
e0“On treatment with lower concentrations of arsenic and straw or in the case of higher arsenic without straw, plant growth and grain yield were reduced”
Claim · model-written summary
These arsenic treatments caused partial leaf bronzing or oranging.
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorDirection
Verbatim
t0“paddy rice”
e0“with the occurrence of partial bronzing or oranging of leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Under these arsenic treatments, plant iron content increased somewhat.
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
t0“paddy rice”
e0“the iron content of the plants was somewhat increased”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer arsenic-induced ferrous iron toxicity intensifies arsenic toxicity in paddy rice.
Verbatim
e0“arsenic may induce ferrous iron toxicity which intensifies the toxicity of arsenic to paddy rice”
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