Abstract
The effect of isoproturon [N,N‐dimethyl N′4‐(1‐methyl‐ethyl) phenyl urea] on the germination, growth of root and ultrastructure of the photosynthetic apparatus was investigated in two wheat cultivars ( Triticum sativum L. cvs Castan and Esquilache) and a weed ( Lolium rigidum Gaud.). No inhibition of germination was apparent in any of the three plants studied. The inhibition of root growth was considerably significant, especially in cv. Esquilache. After 48 h treatment with isoproturon (340 μ M ), the chloroplasts of the two wheat cultivars were found to be similar, showing a higher number of grana with fewer thylakoids per granum (lower stacking degree), broader grana stacks than in the control and an absence of starch. However, after 60 h of treatment, swelling of the thylakoids occurred in the Esquilache cultivar. The rye grass was the most affected by the herbicide; at low concentration (3.4 μ M ) the number and size of the grana decreased considerably and the stroma thylakoids were destroyed. At higher concentration (17 μ M ), there was a strong accumulation in certain areas of the stroma of a substance with a lipid‐like appearance, probably derived from the disintegrating thylakoids. At the same concentrations some chloroplast envelopes were completely desintegrated. The Hill reaction of the three plants exhibited a similar sensitivity towards the herbicide.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Isoproturon did not inhibit germination in the studied wheat cultivars and rye grass.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- No inhibitione0
Not reportedMaterialTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“two wheat cultivars and a weed”
e0“No inhibition of germination was apparent in any of the three plants studied.”
Claim · model-written summary
Isoproturon significantly inhibited root growth, especially in Esquilache.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Esquilachee0
- Treatment
- isoproturont0
- Outcome
- root growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The effect of isoproturon on root growth and ultrastructure of the photosynthetic apparatus of two wheat cultivars and a weed”
e0“The inhibition of root growth was considerably significant, especially in cv. Esquilache.”
Claim · model-written summary
After 48 hours of isoproturon, wheat chloroplasts had more grana with fewer thylakoids per granum.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- isoproturon (340 μ M )e0
- Outcome
- number of grana with fewer thylakoids per granume0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- After 48 he0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“two wheat cultivars”
e0“After 48 h treatment with isoproturon (340 μ M ), the chloroplasts of the two wheat cultivars were found to be similar, showing a higher number of grana with fewer thylakoids per granum (lower stacking degree), broader grana stacks than in the control and an absence of starch.”
Claim · model-written summary
After 48 hours of isoproturon, wheat chloroplast grana stacks were broader than controls.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- isoproturon (340 μ M )e0
- Outcome
- grana stackse0
- Direction
- broadere0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“two wheat cultivars”
e0“After 48 h treatment with isoproturon (340 μ M ), the chloroplasts of the two wheat cultivars were found to be similar, showing a higher number of grana with fewer thylakoids per granum (lower stacking degree), broader grana stacks than in the control and an absence of starch.”
Claim · model-written summary
After 48 hours of isoproturon, wheat chloroplasts lacked starch.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- isoproturon (340 μ M )e0
- Outcome
- absence of starche0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“two wheat cultivars”
e0“After 48 h treatment with isoproturon (340 μ M ), the chloroplasts of the two wheat cultivars were found to be similar, showing a higher number of grana with fewer thylakoids per granum (lower stacking degree), broader grana stacks than in the control and an absence of starch.”
Claim · model-written summary
Esquilache thylakoids swelled after 60 hours of treatment.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Esquilachee0
- Treatment
- treatmente0
- Outcome
- swelling of the thylakoidse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat cultivars”
e0“after 60 h of treatment, swelling of the thylakoids occurred in the Esquilache cultivar.”
Claim · model-written summary
At low herbicide concentration, rye grass grana number and size decreased considerably.
LoliumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“a weed”
e0“The rye grass was the most affected by the herbicide; at low concentration (3.4 μ M ) the number and size of the grana decreased considerably and the stroma thylakoids were destroyed.”
Claim · model-written summary
At low herbicide concentration, rye grass stroma thylakoids were destroyed.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The rye grass was the most affected by the herbicide; at low concentration (3.4 μ M ) the number and size of the grana decreased considerably and the stroma thylakoids were destroyed.”
Claim · model-written summary
At higher herbicide concentration, rye grass stroma accumulated a lipid-like substance.
- Treatment
- herbicidee0
- Outcome
- accumulation in certain areas of the stroma of a substance with a lipid‐like appearancee1
- Value
- 17 μ Me1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The rye grass was the most affected by the herbicide; at low concentration (3.4 μ M ) the number and size of the grana decreased considerably and the stroma thylakoids were destroyed.”
e1“At higher concentration (17 μ M ), there was a strong accumulation in certain areas of the stroma of a substance with a lipid‐like appearance, probably derived from the disintegrating thylakoids.”
Claim · model-written summary
At the same concentrations, some rye grass chloroplast envelopes disintegrated completely.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The rye grass was the most affected by the herbicide”
e1“At the same concentrations some chloroplast envelopes were completely desintegrated.”
Claim · model-written summary
The three plants showed similar Hill-reaction sensitivity to the herbicide.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- herbicidee0
- Outcome
- Hill reactione0
- Direction
- similare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“two wheat cultivars and a weed”
e0“The Hill reaction of the three plants exhibited a similar sensitivity towards the herbicide.”
The same questions in other papers
isoproturon · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →herbicide · growth · LoliumPositive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →herbicide · molecular: metabolites · LoliumResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.