Abstract
To study the efficacy of different herbicides, tillage practices and weed control measures on late sown wheat ( Tr iticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol) field experiments were conducted during winter of 2004-05 to 2006-07 at Ghaghraghat (Bahraich) in Uttar Pradesh. Significantly lower density, weight, and nutrient uptake by weeds was recorded with isoproturon + 2,4-D (0.75 + 0.6 kg/ha) resulting in higher mean grain yield (3.89 tonne /ha) and net income (Rs. 18,375/ha). Weed free treatment recorded the highest energy output and lowest energy use efficiency (EUE). Isoproturon + 2, 4-D resulted in the highest EUE and energy productivity followed by metribuzin. Conventional tillage (CT) significantly increased density and dry matter of weeds when compared with zero tillage (ZT), thus, ZT increased grain yield of wheat by 2.18% as compared to CT. Sulfosulfuron (25 g/ ha) recorded the lower density and dry weight of weeds and higher weed suppression efficiency (83.43%) fol- lowed by isoproturon + 2,4-D (81.04%). Application of isoprturon + 2,4-D produced significantly higher grain yield in ZT, and sulfosulfuron in CT. Irrespective of tillage, isoproturon + 2,4-D gave the highest net income (Rs 17.12 x 103/ha) and benefit : cost ratio (2.59). CT consumed 23.66% more energy than ZT. The EUE and energy productivity was highest with ZT and sulfosulfuron.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Isoproturon plus 2,4-D reduced weed density.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- isoproturon + 2,4-D (0.75 + 0.6 kg/ha)e0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- densitye0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly lower density, weight, and nutrient uptake by weeds was recorded with isoproturon + 2,4-D (0.75 + 0.6 kg/ha) resulting in higher mean grain yield (3.89 tonne /ha) and net income (Rs. 18,375/ha).”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Isoproturon plus 2,4-D reduced weed weight.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- isoproturon + 2,4-D (0.75 + 0.6 kg/ha)e0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- weighte0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly lower density, weight, and nutrient uptake by weeds was recorded with isoproturon + 2,4-D (0.75 + 0.6 kg/ha) resulting in higher mean grain yield (3.89 tonne /ha) and net income (Rs. 18,375/ha).”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Isoproturon plus 2,4-D reduced weed nutrient uptake by weeds.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- isoproturon + 2,4-D (0.75 + 0.6 kg/ha)e0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- nutrient uptake by weedse0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly lower density, weight, and nutrient uptake by weeds was recorded with isoproturon + 2,4-D (0.75 + 0.6 kg/ha) resulting in higher mean grain yield (3.89 tonne /ha) and net income (Rs. 18,375/ha).”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Isoproturon plus 2,4-D yielded higher mean grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- isoproturon + 2,4-D (0.75 + 0.6 kg/ha)e0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- mean grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 3.89 tonne /hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly lower density, weight, and nutrient uptake by weeds was recorded with isoproturon + 2,4-D (0.75 + 0.6 kg/ha) resulting in higher mean grain yield (3.89 tonne /ha) and net income (Rs. 18,375/ha).”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Isoproturon plus 2,4-D yielded higher net income.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- isoproturon + 2,4-D (0.75 + 0.6 kg/ha)e0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- net incomee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- Rs. 18,375/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly lower density, weight, and nutrient uptake by weeds was recorded with isoproturon + 2,4-D (0.75 + 0.6 kg/ha) resulting in higher mean grain yield (3.89 tonne /ha) and net income (Rs. 18,375/ha).”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed-free treatment had highest energy output.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Weed free treatmente0
- Interactor
- Weede0weed
- Outcome
- energy outpute0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed free treatment recorded the highest energy output and lowest energy use efficiency (EUE).”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed-free treatment had lowest energy use efficiency (EUE).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Weed free treatmente0
- Interactor
- Weede0weed
- Outcome
- energy use efficiency (EUE)e0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed free treatment recorded the highest energy output and lowest energy use efficiency (EUE).”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Isoproturon plus 2,4-D gave highest EUE.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Isoproturon + 2, 4-De0
- Outcome
- EUEe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- metribuzine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Isoproturon + 2, 4-D resulted in the highest EUE and energy productivity followed by metribuzin.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Isoproturon plus 2,4-D gave highest energy productivity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Isoproturon + 2, 4-De0
- Outcome
- energy productivitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- metribuzine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Isoproturon + 2, 4-D resulted in the highest EUE and energy productivity followed by metribuzin.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage increased weed density versus zero tillage.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Conventional tillage (CT)e0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- densitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- zero tillage (ZT)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Conventional tillage (CT) significantly increased density and dry matter of weeds when compared with zero tillage (ZT), thus, ZT increased grain yield of wheat by 2.18% as compared to CT.”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage increased weed dry matter of weeds versus zero tillage.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Conventional tillage (CT)e0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- dry matter of weedse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- zero tillage (ZT)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Conventional tillage (CT) significantly increased density and dry matter of weeds when compared with zero tillage (ZT), thus, ZT increased grain yield of wheat by 2.18% as compared to CT.”
Claim · model-written summary
Zero tillage increased wheat grain yield by 2.18% versus conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- ZTe0
- Outcome
- grain yield of wheate0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 2.18%e0
- Comparator
- CTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Conventional tillage (CT) significantly increased density and dry matter of weeds when compared with zero tillage (ZT), thus, ZT increased grain yield of wheat by 2.18% as compared to CT.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfosulfuron reduced weed density.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Sulfosulfuron (25 g/ ha)e0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- densitye0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- isoproturon + 2,4-De0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sulfosulfuron (25 g/ ha) recorded the lower density and dry weight of weeds and higher weed suppression efficiency (83.43%) fol- lowed by isoproturon + 2,4-D (81.04%).”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfosulfuron reduced weed dry weight of weeds.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Sulfosulfuron (25 g/ ha)e0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- dry weight of weedse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- isoproturon + 2,4-De0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sulfosulfuron (25 g/ ha) recorded the lower density and dry weight of weeds and higher weed suppression efficiency (83.43%) fol- lowed by isoproturon + 2,4-D (81.04%).”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfosulfuron gave 83.43% weed suppression efficiency.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Sulfosulfuron (25 g/ ha)e0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- weed suppression efficiencye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 83.43%e0
- Comparator
- isoproturon + 2,4-De0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sulfosulfuron (25 g/ ha) recorded the lower density and dry weight of weeds and higher weed suppression efficiency (83.43%) fol- lowed by isoproturon + 2,4-D (81.04%).”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Isoproturon plus 2,4-D gave 81.04% weed suppression efficiency.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- isoproturon + 2,4-De0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- weed suppression efficiencye0
- Value
- 81.04%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sulfosulfuron (25 g/ ha) recorded the lower density and dry weight of weeds and higher weed suppression efficiency (83.43%) fol- lowed by isoproturon + 2,4-D (81.04%).”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
isoprturon + 2,4-D gave higher grain yield under ZT.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- isoprturon + 2,4-De0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Setting
- ZTe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of isoprturon + 2,4-D produced significantly higher grain yield in ZT, and sulfosulfuron in CT.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
sulfosulfuron gave higher grain yield under CT.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- sulfosulfurone0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Setting
- CTe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of isoprturon + 2,4-D produced significantly higher grain yield in ZT, and sulfosulfuron in CT.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Isoproturon plus 2,4-D gave highest net income.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- isoproturon + 2,4-De0
- Outcome
- net incomee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- Rs 17.12 x 103/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrespective of tillage, isoproturon + 2,4-D gave the highest net income (Rs 17.12 x 103/ha) and benefit : cost ratio (2.59).”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Isoproturon plus 2,4-D gave highest benefit : cost ratio.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- isoproturon + 2,4-De0
- Outcome
- benefit : cost ratioe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 2.59e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrespective of tillage, isoproturon + 2,4-D gave the highest net income (Rs 17.12 x 103/ha) and benefit : cost ratio (2.59).”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
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See all 74 papers →8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.