Abstract
ABSTRACT Increased biomass productivity could be achieved through double‐cropping if extended growth duration could be realized with minimal reductions in growth efficiency relative to sole‐cropping. To test this hypothesis, functional growth analysis was used to assess the relative importance of photosynthetic duration and efficiency in determining biomass production by sole‐crop corn ( Zea mays L.; SC) and double‐crop triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack)–double‐crop corn (DT–DC). Aboveground dry matter and leaf area were measured weekly, and net dry matter production was assessed for each crop at harvest. Over 2 yr, average harvested dry matter was 25% greater for DT–DC (22.7 Mg ha −1 ) than for SC (18.2 Mg ha −1 ), despite greater maximum leaf area index and greater maximum crop growth rate for SC relative to DT–DC. Leaf area duration was increased by 23% for DT–DC compared with SC, while maximum net assimilation rate and seasonal net assimilation rate did not differ between cropping systems. Across systems, variation in yield was positively related to maximum crop growth rate, maximum leaf area index, and leaf area duration but was not associated with maximum or seasonal net‐assimilation rate. Therefore, leaf duration was more important than leaf efficiency in determining productivity in both cropping systems, and greater biomass yield for DT–DC was the outcome of photosynthesis occurring over an extended duration. These results suggest that potential exists to increase biomass productivity by expanding the seasonal interval of photosynthesis, and that in the case of double‐cropping, expansion of leaf duration is not necessarily associated with reductions in leaf efficiency.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Double cropping produced 25% more harvested dry matter than sole-crop corn.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Treatment
- DT–DCe0
- Outcome
- average harvested dry mattere0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 25%e0
- Qualifier
- 18.2 Mg ha −1e0
- Comparator
- SCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Over 2 yr, average harvested dry matter was 25% greater for DT–DC (22.7 Mg ha −1 ) than for SC (18.2 Mg ha −1 )”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Sole cropping had greater maximum leaf area index than double cropping.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- SCe0
- Outcome
- maximum leaf area indexe0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- DT–DCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“despite greater maximum leaf area index and greater maximum crop growth rate for SC relative to DT–DC.”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Sole cropping had greater maximum crop growth rate than double cropping.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- SCe0
- Outcome
- maximum crop growth ratee0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- DT–DCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“despite greater maximum leaf area index and greater maximum crop growth rate for SC relative to DT–DC.”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Double cropping increased leaf area duration by 23% over sole cropping.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- DT–DCe0
- Outcome
- Leaf area duratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 23%e0
- Comparator
- SCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf area duration was increased by 23% for DT–DC compared with SC”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum and seasonal net assimilation rates did not differ between cropping systems.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- cropping systemse0
- Outcome
- maximum net assimilation rate and seasonal net assimilation ratee0
- Direction
- did not differe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while maximum net assimilation rate and seasonal net assimilation rate did not differ between cropping systems.”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield was positively related to maximum crop growth rate, leaf area index and leaf area duration.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- variation in yielde0
- Direction
- positively relatede0
- Qualifier
- maximum crop growth rate, maximum leaf area index, and leaf area duratione0
- Setting
- systemse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Across systems, variation in yield was positively related to maximum crop growth rate, maximum leaf area index, and leaf area duration”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield was not associated with maximum or seasonal net-assimilation rate.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- yieldt1
- Direction
- not associatede0
- Qualifier
- maximum or seasonal net‐assimilation ratee0
- Setting
- systemst1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but was not associated with maximum or seasonal net‐assimilation rate.”
t0“Corn”
t1“Across systems, variation in yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute higher double-crop biomass yield to longer photosynthesis duration.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- greater biomass yielde0
- Qualifier
- photosynthesis occurring over an extended duratione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greater biomass yield for DT–DC was the outcome of photosynthesis occurring over an extended duration.”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest increasing productivity by extending seasonal photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- increase biomass productivity by expanding the seasonal interval of photosynthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These results suggest that potential exists to increase biomass productivity by expanding the seasonal interval of photosynthesis”
t0“Corn”
The same questions in other papers
cultivation system · growth · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 15 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
23 papers more in this group
See all 27 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.