Abstract
Whether season-long weed control can be achieved in a furrow-irrigated rice system with similar herbicide inputs to that of a flooded system is not known. Field experiments were conducted in 2007 and 2008 at Pine Tree, AR to evaluate different herbicide programs on the weed control efficacy and rice grain yield in furrow-irrigated and flooded rice production systems. Six herbicide programs were evaluated with and without additional late-season “as-needed” herbicide treatments. Minor injury to rice was noted for quinclorac plus propanil. However, the injury was transient and the plants fully recovered. Overall weed control was greater in the flooded system compared with the furrow-irrigated system (up to 20% greater), because flooding effectively prevented the emergence of most terrestrial weeds. In addition, rice grain yields were 13 to 14% greater in flooded compared with furrow-irrigated plots. Irrespective of the irrigation system, herbicide programs that contained a PRE-applied herbicide provided greater weed control and resulted in greater yield compared with those that did not contain PRE-applied herbicide, indicative of the importance of early-season weed control in achieving higher grain yields. On the basis of weed control, yield, and weed treatment cost, the herbicide program with clomazone PRE followed by propanil at four- to five-leaf rice was more efficient than other programs evaluated in both irrigation systems. However, furrow-irrigated plots required as-needed herbicide applications, which were applied after the four- to five-leaf rice stage when two or more plots within a program exhibited ≤ 80% control for any of the weed species. This suggests that furrow-irrigated rice production demands additional weed management efforts and thereby increases production costs. There is also a possibility for substantial yield reduction in the furrow-irrigated system compared with the flooded system. Nevertheless, furrow-irrigated rice production can still be a viable option under water-limiting situations and under certain topographic conditions.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Quinclorac plus propanil caused minor transient rice injury followed by recovery.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- quinclorac plus propanile0
- Outcome
- Minor injury to ricee0
- Direction
- Minore0
- Qualifier
- injury was transient and the plants fully recoverede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Minor injury to rice was noted for quinclorac plus propanil. However, the injury was transient and the plants fully recovered.”
Claim · model-written summary
Flooded plots had up to 20% greater weed control than furrow irrigated plots.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- flooded systeme0
- Interactor
- terrestrial weedse1weed
- Outcome
- weed controle0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- up to 20%e0
- Comparator
- furrow-irrigated systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overall weed control was greater in the flooded system compared with the furrow-irrigated system (up to 20% greater)”
t0“Rice Production in Arkansas”
e1“most terrestrial weeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Flooding prevented emergence of most terrestrial weeds.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- floodinge0
- Interactor
- terrestrial weedse0weed
- Outcome
- emergence of most terrestrial weedse0
- Direction
- preventede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“flooding effectively prevented the emergence of most terrestrial weeds.”
t0“Rice Production in Arkansas”
Claim · model-written summary
Flooded rice yielded 13 to 14% more grain than furrow irrigated rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- floodede0
- Outcome
- rice grain yieldse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 13 to 14%e0
- Comparator
- furrow-irrigated plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice grain yields were 13 to 14% greater in flooded compared with furrow-irrigated plots.”
Claim · model-written summary
PRE herbicide programs gave greater weed control than programs without PRE herbicide.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- PRE-applied herbicidee0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed controle0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- those that did not contain PRE-applied herbicidee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“herbicide programs that contained a PRE-applied herbicide provided greater weed control and resulted in greater yield compared with those that did not contain PRE-applied herbicide”
t0“Rice Production in Arkansas”
Claim · model-written summary
PRE herbicide programs gave greater rice yield than programs without PRE herbicide.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- PRE-applied herbicidee0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- those that did not contain PRE-applied herbicidee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“herbicide programs that contained a PRE-applied herbicide provided greater weed control and resulted in greater yield compared with those that did not contain PRE-applied herbicide”
t0“Rice Production in Arkansas”
Claim · model-written summary
Clomazone PRE followed by propanil was more efficient on control, yield and cost in both systems.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- clomazone PRE followed by propanil at four- to five-leaf ricee0
- Outcome
- more efficiente0
- Direction
- more efficiente0
- Comparator
- other programs evaluatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On the basis of weed control, yield, and weed treatment cost, the herbicide program with clomazone PRE followed by propanil at four- to five-leaf rice was more efficient than other programs evaluated in both irrigation systems.”
Claim · model-written summary
Furrow irrigated plots required additional as needed herbicide applications.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- furrow-irrigatede0
- Outcome
- required as-needed herbicide applicationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“furrow-irrigated plots required as-needed herbicide applications”
t0“Rice Production in Arkansas”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors inferred furrow irrigated production requires more weed management and raises costs.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- furrow-irrigatede0
- Outcome
- additional weed management efforts and thereby increases production costse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“furrow-irrigated rice production demands additional weed management efforts and thereby increases production costs.”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors conclude furrow irrigated rice can be viable with limited water and suitable topography.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- viable optione0
- Qualifier
- under water-limiting situations and under certain topographic conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“furrow-irrigated rice production can still be a viable option under water-limiting situations and under certain topographic conditions.”
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