Abstract
Studies on effective integrated nutrient management (INM) modules for marginal landholders of eastern India relying upon crops, such as finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn), are lacking. Thus, an experiment was conducted on farmer's field for three years (2002−2004) at Malipungar watershed in the Koraput district of Odisha, India, to evaluate various INM combinations and select the most remunerative INM option relative to productivity and profitability of finger millet crop and soil properties. The seven INM treatments consisted of different combinations of Gliricidia green-leaf manure, farmyard manure (FYM), synthetic fertilizers, and bio-fertilizers and compared with farmer's practice. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete-block design replicated three times. Yield and net returns from Gliricidia-amended plots were greater than those from the FYM-amended plots. Soil-moisture status during crop period and bulk density, soil pH, organic carbon (C), and phosphorus (P) at the end of the three-year experiment were comparable between Gliricidia-and FYM-amended plots. Residual amounts of N and K were significantly higher in the plots amended with Gliricidia. Overall, the treatment receiving 50% recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF), Gliricidia at 2.5 t ha−1, and 2.5 kg ha−1 each of Azotobactor and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB) as soil inoculants (INM7) produced the highest grain yield (3.95 t ha−1), net returns (US$ 400 ha−1), and highest benefit:cost ratio (2.39). Year x INM interaction effects for growth parameters, such as shoots plant−1, dry matter plant−1, dry root weight plant−1, and straw yield were significant. The INM7 was significantly better than most of the other INM treatments for growth parameters and straw yield during two (2003 and 2004) out of three study years and hence was consistently better. Therefore, integrated use of 50% RDF, 2.5 t ha− 1 Gliricidia, and 2.5 kg ha−1 each of Azotobactor and PSB (INM7) is recommended for improving productivity of finger millet in eastern India.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Gliricidia-amended plots gave greater yield and net returns than FYM-amended plots.
- Taxon
- finger millet
Eleusine coracanae1 - Treatment
- Gliricidia-amended plotse3
- Outcome
- Yield and net returnse3
- Direction
- greatere3
- Comparator
- FYM-amended plotse3
- Setting
- Malipungar watershed in the Koraput district of Odisha, Indiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an experiment was conducted on farmer's field for three years (2002−2004) at Malipungar watershed in the Koraput district of Odisha, India”
e1“crops, such as finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn)”
e3“Yield and net returns from Gliricidia-amended plots were greater than those from the FYM-amended plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil moisture and bulk density were comparable between Gliricidia and FYM plots at the end of the experiment.
- Taxon
- finger milletEleusine coracanae1
- Treatment
- Gliricidiae4
- Outcome
- Soil-moisture status during crop period and bulk densitye4
- Direction
- comparablee4
- Comparator
- FYM-amended plotse4
- Setting
- Malipungar watershed in the Koraput district of Odisha, Indiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an experiment was conducted on farmer's field for three years (2002−2004) at Malipungar watershed in the Koraput district of Odisha, India”
e1“crops, such as finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn)”
e4“Soil-moisture status during crop period and bulk density, soil pH, organic carbon (C), and phosphorus (P) at the end of the three-year experiment were comparable between Gliricidia-and FYM-amended plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil pH, organic carbon and phosphorus were comparable between Gliricidia and FYM plots at the end of the three-year experiment.
- Taxon
- finger milletEleusine coracanae1
- Treatment
- Gliricidiae4
- Outcome
- soil pH, organic carbon (C), and phosphorus (P)e4
- Direction
- comparablee4
- Qualifier
- at the end of the three-year experimente4
- Comparator
- FYM-amended plotse4
- Setting
- Malipungar watershed in the Koraput district of Odisha, Indiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an experiment was conducted on farmer's field for three years (2002−2004) at Malipungar watershed in the Koraput district of Odisha, India”
e1“crops, such as finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn)”
e4“Soil-moisture status during crop period and bulk density, soil pH, organic carbon (C), and phosphorus (P) at the end of the three-year experiment were comparable between Gliricidia-and FYM-amended plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Residual N and K were significantly higher in Gliricidia-amended plots.
- Taxon
- finger milletEleusine coracanae1
- Treatment
- Gliricidiae5
- Outcome
- Residual amounts of N and Ke5
- Direction
- highere5
- Setting
- Malipungar watershed in the Koraput district of Odisha, Indiae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an experiment was conducted on farmer's field for three years (2002−2004) at Malipungar watershed in the Koraput district of Odisha, India”
e1“crops, such as finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn)”
e5“Residual amounts of N and K were significantly higher in the plots amended with Gliricidia”
Claim · model-written summary
The INM7 combination produced the highest grain yield, 3.95 t ha−1.
- Taxon
- finger milletEleusine coracanae1
- Treatment
- 50% recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF), Gliricidia at 2.5 t ha−1, and 2.5 kg ha−1 each of Azotobactor and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB) as soil inoculants (INM7)e6
- Outcome
- grain yielde6
- Direction
- higheste6
- Value
- 3.95 t ha−1e6
- Setting
- Malipungar watershed in the Koraput district of Odisha, Indiae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an experiment was conducted on farmer's field for three years (2002−2004) at Malipungar watershed in the Koraput district of Odisha, India”
e1“crops, such as finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn)”
e6“Overall, the treatment receiving 50% recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF), Gliricidia at 2.5 t ha−1, and 2.5 kg ha−1 each of Azotobactor and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB) as soil inoculants (INM7) produced the highest grain yield (3.95 t ha−1), net returns (US$ 400 ha−1), and highest benefit:cost ratio (2.39)”
Claim · model-written summary
The INM7 combination produced the highest net returns, US$ 400 ha−1.
- Taxon
- finger milletEleusine coracanae1
- Treatment
- 50% recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF), Gliricidia at 2.5 t ha−1, and 2.5 kg ha−1 each of Azotobactor and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB) as soil inoculants (INM7)e6
- Outcome
- net returnse6
- Direction
- higheste6
- Value
- US$ 400 ha−1e6
- Setting
- Malipungar watershed in the Koraput district of Odisha, Indiae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an experiment was conducted on farmer's field for three years (2002−2004) at Malipungar watershed in the Koraput district of Odisha, India”
e1“crops, such as finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn)”
e6“Overall, the treatment receiving 50% recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF), Gliricidia at 2.5 t ha−1, and 2.5 kg ha−1 each of Azotobactor and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB) as soil inoculants (INM7) produced the highest grain yield (3.95 t ha−1), net returns (US$ 400 ha−1), and highest benefit:cost ratio (2.39)”
Claim · model-written summary
The INM7 combination produced the highest benefit:cost ratio, 2.39.
- Taxon
- finger milletEleusine coracanae1
- Treatment
- 50% recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF), Gliricidia at 2.5 t ha−1, and 2.5 kg ha−1 each of Azotobactor and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB) as soil inoculants (INM7)e6
- Outcome
- benefit:cost ratioe6
- Direction
- higheste6
- Value
- 2.39e6
- Setting
- Malipungar watershed in the Koraput district of Odisha, Indiae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an experiment was conducted on farmer's field for three years (2002−2004) at Malipungar watershed in the Koraput district of Odisha, India”
e1“crops, such as finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn)”
e6“Overall, the treatment receiving 50% recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF), Gliricidia at 2.5 t ha−1, and 2.5 kg ha−1 each of Azotobactor and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB) as soil inoculants (INM7) produced the highest grain yield (3.95 t ha−1), net returns (US$ 400 ha−1), and highest benefit:cost ratio (2.39)”
Claim · model-written summary
The year by INM interaction was significant for growth parameters and straw yield.
- Taxon
- finger milletEleusine coracanae1
- Treatment
- Year x INM interactione7
- Outcome
- growth parameters, such as shoots plant−1, dry matter plant−1, dry root weight plant−1, and straw yielde7
- Setting
- Malipungar watershed in the Koraput district of Odisha, Indiae0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an experiment was conducted on farmer's field for three years (2002−2004) at Malipungar watershed in the Koraput district of Odisha, India”
e1“crops, such as finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn)”
e7“Year x INM interaction effects for growth parameters, such as shoots plant−1, dry matter plant−1, dry root weight plant−1, and straw yield were significant”
Claim · model-written summary
INM7 was significantly better than most other INM treatments for growth parameters and straw yield in two of three years.
- Taxon
- finger milletEleusine coracanae1
- Treatment
- INM7e2
- Outcome
- growth parameters and straw yielde2
- Direction
- bettere2
- Qualifier
- during two (2003 and 2004) out of three study yearse2
- Comparator
- most of the other INM treatmentse2
- Setting
- Malipungar watershed in the Koraput district of Odisha, Indiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an experiment was conducted on farmer's field for three years (2002−2004) at Malipungar watershed in the Koraput district of Odisha, India”
e1“crops, such as finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn)”
e2“The INM7 was significantly better than most of the other INM treatments for growth parameters and straw yield during two (2003 and 2004) out of three study years and hence was consistently better”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated use of 50% RDF, Gliricidia and bio-fertilizers is recommended for improving finger millet productivity in eastern India.
- Taxon
- finger milletEleusine coracanae2
- Treatment
- integrated use of 50% RDFe2
- Outcome
- improving productivity of finger millete2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“integrated use of 50% RDF, 2.5 t ha− 1 Gliricidia, and 2.5 kg ha−1 each of Azotobactor and PSB (INM7) is recommended for improving productivity of finger millet in eastern India”
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