Abstract
Drought and heat are two major factors limiting growth of cool season grasses. Rapid recovery from the combination of those stresses is important for the persistence of perennial turfgrasses. The study was designed to examine physiological factors associated with the persistence and recovery of Kentucky bluegrass ( Poa pratensis L.) exposed to combined drought and heat stress following rewatering and/or temperature drop. Two cultivars differing in drought and heat tolerance, ‘Midnight’ (tolerant) and ‘Brilliant’ (sensitive), were exposed to drought and heat stress (35°C) simultaneously in a growth chamber until most plants became brown and completely desiccated (14 d). Plants were then subjected to three recovery treatments: (i) rewatered but exposed to heat stress (rewatering); (ii) returned to optimum temperature (20°C) but unwatered (cooling), and (iii) rewatering and cooling. Leaf photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), chlorophyll content, and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) declined, while electrolyte leakage (EL) and lipid peroxidation increased rapidly during the combined stress. The adverse impact of the combined stress was more severe for Brilliant than for Midnight. Following rewatering or in combination with cooling, all parameters except chlorophyll content fully recovered for Midnight. However, for Brilliant, most of the parameters did not recover completely; Fv/Fm recovered partially. There was no recovery for any parameters of either cultivar when plants were returned to the optimum temperature but still unwatered. The results suggested that simultaneous drought and heat stress could cause permanent physiological damage for Kentucky bluegrass, particularly for the stress‐sensitive cultivar. Rewatering was essential for physiological recovery from the combined stress, regardless of temperature conditions. Rapid resumption of Fv/Fm, cell membrane stability, and antioxidant activities were important factors contributing to the recovery of Kentucky bluegrass.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Combined drought and heat stress reduced leaf Fv/Fm and chlorophyll content in Kentucky bluegrass.
- Taxon
- Kentucky bluegrass
.jpg?width=60)
Poa pratensise1 - Treatment
- combined drought and heat stresse2
- Outcome
- Leaf photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), chlorophyll contente3
- Direction
- declinede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“Kentucky bluegrass ( Poa pratensis L.)”
e2“exposed to combined drought and heat stress”
e3“Leaf photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), chlorophyll content, and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) declined”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined drought and heat stress reduced superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in Kentucky bluegrass.
- Taxon
- Kentucky bluegrassPoa pratensise1
- Treatment
- combined drought and heat stresse2
- Outcome
- activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)e3
- Direction
- declinede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Kentucky bluegrass ( Poa pratensis L.)”
e2“exposed to combined drought and heat stress”
e3“Leaf photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), chlorophyll content, and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) declined”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined stress increased electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation in Kentucky bluegrass.
- Taxon
- Kentucky bluegrassPoa pratensise1
- Treatment
- combined stresse2
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakage (EL) and lipid peroxidatione2
- Direction
- increased rapidlye2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Kentucky bluegrass ( Poa pratensis L.)”
e2“electrolyte leakage (EL) and lipid peroxidation increased rapidly during the combined stress”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined stress had a more severe adverse impact on Brilliant than on Midnight.
- Taxon
- Kentucky bluegrassPoa pratensise1
- Material
- Brilliante2
- Treatment
- combined stresse2
- Outcome
- adverse impacte2
- Direction
- more severee2
- Comparator
- Midnighte2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Kentucky bluegrass ( Poa pratensis L.)”
e2“The adverse impact of the combined stress was more severe for Brilliant than for Midnight”
Claim · model-written summary
After rewatering or rewatering with cooling, all parameters except chlorophyll content fully recovered in Midnight.
- Taxon
- Kentucky bluegrassPoa pratensise1
- Material
- Midnighte2
- Treatment
- rewatering or in combination with coolinge2
- Outcome
- all parameters except chlorophyll contente2
- Direction
- fully recoverede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Kentucky bluegrass ( Poa pratensis L.)”
e2“Following rewatering or in combination with cooling, all parameters except chlorophyll content fully recovered for Midnight”
Claim · model-written summary
Most parameters of Brilliant did not recover completely after the recovery treatments.
- Taxon
- Kentucky bluegrassPoa pratensise1
- Material
- Brilliante2
- Treatment
- three recovery treatmentse3
- Outcome
- most of the parameterse2
- Direction
- did not recover completelye2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Kentucky bluegrass ( Poa pratensis L.)”
e2“However, for Brilliant, most of the parameters did not recover completely”
e3“Plants were then subjected to three recovery treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Fv/Fm of Brilliant recovered only partially after the recovery treatments.
- Taxon
- Kentucky bluegrassPoa pratensise1
- Material
- Brilliante3
- Treatment
- three recovery treatmentse4
- Outcome
- Fv/Fme2
- Direction
- recovered partiallye2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Kentucky bluegrass ( Poa pratensis L.)”
e2“Fv/Fm recovered partially”
e3“However, for Brilliant, most of the parameters did not recover completely”
e4“Plants were then subjected to three recovery treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
No parameter of either cultivar recovered when plants were returned to optimum temperature without rewatering.
- Taxon
- Kentucky bluegrassPoa pratensise1
- Treatment
- returned to the optimum temperature but still unwaterede2
- Outcome
- recovery for any parameterse2
- Direction
- no recoverye2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Kentucky bluegrass ( Poa pratensis L.)”
e2“There was no recovery for any parameters of either cultivar when plants were returned to the optimum temperature but still unwatered”
Claim · model-written summary
Simultaneous drought and heat stress could cause permanent physiological damage in Kentucky bluegrass (author interpretation).
- Taxon
- Kentucky bluegrassPoa pratensise1
- Treatment
- simultaneous drought and heat stresse1
- Outcome
- permanent physiological damagee1
- Qualifier
- could causee1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The results suggested that simultaneous drought and heat stress could cause permanent physiological damage for Kentucky bluegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Rewatering was essential for physiological recovery from the combined stress, regardless of temperature (author interpretation).
- Taxon
- Kentucky bluegrassPoa pratensise1
- Treatment
- Rewateringe2
- Outcome
- physiological recoverye2
- Qualifier
- regardless of temperature conditionse2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Kentucky bluegrass ( Poa pratensis L.)”
e2“Rewatering was essential for physiological recovery from the combined stress, regardless of temperature conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Rapid resumption of Fv/Fm, cell membrane stability and antioxidant activities contributed to recovery of Kentucky bluegrass (author interpretation).
- Taxon
- Kentucky bluegrassPoa pratensise1
- Outcome
- recoverye1
- Qualifier
- Rapid resumption of Fv/Fm, cell membrane stability, and antioxidant activitiese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Rapid resumption of Fv/Fm, cell membrane stability, and antioxidant activities were important factors contributing to the recovery of Kentucky bluegrass”
The same questions in other papers
rewatering · physiology: photosynthesis · Poa pratensis (Kentucky bluegrass)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
drought · physiology: photosynthesis · Poa pratensis (Kentucky bluegrass)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
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4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →drought · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Poa pratensis (Kentucky bluegrass)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →heat · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Poa pratensis (Kentucky bluegrass)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.