Abstract
Cell suspensions of an isolate of Erwinia herbicola from a corn leaf were active in ice nucleation at –2.3 C and below. Ice nucleation activity was affected by the medium on which the cells were grown. Nucleation at –2.3 and –2.5 C was detected in suspensions of cells that had been grown on nutrient agar supplemented with 2.5% glycerol or glucose, respectively, but was detected only at temperatures below –4 C in cells grown on nutrient agar alone. Corn seedlings sprayed with suspensions of this isolate of E. herbicola were severely damaged at –4 C, whereas control plants lacking leaf populations of E. herbicola or other bacteria active in ice nucleation were not injured. If plants were frozen 6 hr or less after they were sprayed with suspensions (10 7 cells/ml) of E. herbicola, frost damage was not significantly different from that to controls. The amount of damage increased greatly with increase in time of incubation between spraying and freezing, from 12 to about 36 hr. The amount of frost damage measured 48 hr after application of E. herbicola suspensions increased as applied bacterial cell densities were increased. Erwinia herbicola began rapid multiplication about 6 hr after the cells were sprayed onto leaves; populations of about 3 × 10 3 cells/g fresh weight of leaf at 6 hr after inoculation had increased to about 5 × 10 6 cells/g after 36 hr. Probit frost injury was directly proportional to the logarithm of E. herbicola population ( P <0.001).
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Corn-leaf Erwinia suspensions nucleated ice at –2.3 C and below.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Interactor
- Erwinia herbicola
Pantoea agglomeranse0other - Outcome
- ice nucleatione0
- Value
- –2.3 C and belowe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cell suspensions of an isolate of Erwinia herbicola from a corn leaf were active in ice nucleation at –2.3 C and below.”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth on glycerol-supplemented agar enabled nucleation at –2.3 C.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- nutrient agar supplemented with 2.5% glycerole0
- Interactor
- Erwinia herbicolaPantoea agglomeranst0other
- Outcome
- Nucleatione0
- Value
- –2.3 and –2.5 Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nucleation at –2.3 and –2.5 C was detected in suspensions of cells that had been grown on nutrient agar supplemented with 2.5% glycerol or glucose, respectively”
t0“Erwinia herbicola: A Bacterial Ice Nucleus Active in Increasing Frost Injury to Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
On unsupplemented agar, nucleation occurred only below –4 C.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- nutrient agar alonee0
- Interactor
- Erwinia herbicolaPantoea agglomeranst0other
- Outcome
- detectede0
- Value
- below –4 Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was detected only at temperatures below –4 C in cells grown on nutrient agar alone.”
t0“Erwinia herbicola: A Bacterial Ice Nucleus Active in Increasing Frost Injury to Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Sprayed corn seedlings were severely damaged at –4 C, unlike controls.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- sprayed with suspensions of this isolate of E. herbicolae0
- Interactor
- E. herbicolaPantoea agglomeranse0other
- Outcome
- severely damagede0
- Value
- –4 Ce0
- Comparator
- control plants lacking leaf populations of E. herbicolae0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn seedlings sprayed with suspensions of this isolate of E. herbicola were severely damaged at –4 C, whereas control plants lacking leaf populations of E. herbicola or other bacteria active in ice nucleation were not injured.”
Claim · model-written summary
Freezing within six hours of spraying produced frost damage statistically similar to controls.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- sprayed with suspensions (10 7 cells/ml) of E. herbicolae0
- Interactor
- E. herbicolaPantoea agglomeranse0other
- Outcome
- frost damagee0
- Direction
- not significantly differente0
- Qualifier
- 6 hr or lesse0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“If plants were frozen 6 hr or less after they were sprayed with suspensions (10 7 cells/ml) of E. herbicola, frost damage was not significantly different from that to controls.”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Frost damage rose as incubation time increased from 12 to about 36 hours.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- time of incubation between spraying and freezinge0
- Outcome
- amount of damagee0
- Direction
- increased greatlye0
- Value
- 12 to about 36 hre0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amount of damage increased greatly with increase in time of incubation between spraying and freezing, from 12 to about 36 hr.”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Frost damage at 48 hours increased with applied bacterial density.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- applied bacterial cell densitiese0
- Interactor
- E. herbicolaPantoea agglomeranse0other
- Outcome
- amount of frost damagee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 48 hr after applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amount of frost damage measured 48 hr after application of E. herbicola suspensions increased as applied bacterial cell densities were increased.”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Erwinia populations multiplied from about 3 × 10 3 to about 5 × 10 6 cells/g by 36 hours.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Interactor
- Erwinia herbicolaPantoea agglomeranst0other
- Outcome
- populationse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 5 × 10 6 cells/ge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“populations of about 3 × 10 3 cells/g fresh weight of leaf at 6 hr after inoculation had increased to about 5 × 10 6 cells/g after 36 hr.”
t0“Erwinia herbicola: A Bacterial Ice Nucleus Active in Increasing Frost Injury to Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Probit frost injury was directly proportional to log Erwinia population.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Interactor
- E. herbicolaPantoea agglomeranse0other
- Outcome
- Probit frost injurye0
- Qualifier
- logarithm of E. herbicola populatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Probit frost injury was directly proportional to the logarithm of E. herbicola population ( P <0.001).”
t0“Corn”
The same questions in other papers
application · pest · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 28 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
31 papers more in this group
See all 35 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.