Abstract
Abstract Irrigation in humid regions is often delayed based on forecasted rainfall or due to labor shortages or equipment problems. The effects of tillage and delayed irrigation on corn ( Zea mays L.) were investigated in 1982 and 1983 on a Norfolk loamy sand (Typic Paleudult) with a tillage pan. Irrigation treatments were: optimum irrigation when tensiometer measured soil water pressure at the 25‐ or 30‐cm depth was −40kPa; 2‐day and 4‐day delays after irrigation was needed; and a nonirrigated control. Each irrigation treatment was superimposed on land prepared by two tillage treatments: (i) conventional and (ii) subsoiling and bedding. Delayed irrigation during a wet growing season (1982) had little effect on corn growth. Delayed irrigation during the dry growing season (1983) reduced plant height, leaf area, biomass, and grain yield on conventionally tilled soil but only grain yield on subsoiled plots. With a 4‐day irrigation delay, grain yields were reduced 29% below the 10.22 Mg ha −1 yield for conventional tillage but only 11% below the maximum of 10.56 Mg ha −1 for subsoiling. Irrigation in 1982 increased mean grain yield of all three delay treatments by 23 and 1% for conventionally tilled and subsoiled treatments, respectively. In 1983, these increases were 314 and 18%, respectively. A 1‐yr subsoiling carryover (1983) resulted in a yield of 8.89 Mg ha −1 vs. a current‐year subsoiled yield of 10.68 Mg ha −1 . A 2‐yr carryover (1982) resulted in a yield of 9.60 vs. 10.60 Mg ha −1 from current year subsoiling.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Delayed irrigation had little effect on corn growth in wet 1982.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- Delayed irrigatione0
- Outcome
- corn growthe0
- Direction
- little effecte0
- Setting
- wet growing season (1982)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Delayed irrigation during a wet growing season (1982) had little effect on corn growth.”
Claim · model-written summary
Delayed irrigation in dry 1983 reduced height, leaf area and biomass under conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Delayed irrigatione0
- Outcome
- plant height, leaf area, biomasse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Setting
- conventionally tilled soile0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Delayed irrigation during the dry growing season (1983) reduced plant height, leaf area, biomass, and grain yield on conventionally tilled soil but only grain yield on subsoiled plots.”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Delayed irrigation in dry 1983 reduced corn grain yield under conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Delayed irrigatione0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Setting
- conventionally tilled soile0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Delayed irrigation during the dry growing season (1983) reduced plant height, leaf area, biomass, and grain yield on conventionally tilled soil but only grain yield on subsoiled plots.”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Delayed irrigation in dry 1983 reduced corn grain yield on subsoiled plots.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Delayed irrigatione0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Setting
- subsoiled plotse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Delayed irrigation during the dry growing season (1983) reduced plant height, leaf area, biomass, and grain yield on conventionally tilled soil but only grain yield on subsoiled plots.”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Four-day irrigation delay reduced conventional-tillage grain yield by 29%.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- 4‐day irrigation delaye0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 29%e0
- Comparator
- 10.22 Mg ha −1 yielde0
- Setting
- conventional tillagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With a 4‐day irrigation delay, grain yields were reduced 29% below the 10.22 Mg ha −1 yield for conventional tillage but only 11% below the maximum of 10.56 Mg ha −1 for subsoiling.”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Four-day irrigation delay reduced subsoiled grain yield by 11%.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- 4‐day irrigation delaye0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- belowe0
- Value
- 11%e0
- Qualifier
- 10.56 Mg ha −1e0
- Comparator
- maximume0
- Setting
- subsoilinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With a 4‐day irrigation delay, grain yields were reduced 29% below the 10.22 Mg ha −1 yield for conventional tillage but only 11% below the maximum of 10.56 Mg ha −1 for subsoiling.”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation raised 1982 conventional-tillage mean grain yield by 23%.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Irrigatione0
- Outcome
- mean grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 23e0
- Setting
- conventionally tillede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation in 1982 increased mean grain yield of all three delay treatments by 23 and 1% for conventionally tilled and subsoiled treatments, respectively.”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation raised 1982 subsoiled mean grain yield by 1%.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Irrigatione0
- Outcome
- mean grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 1%e0
- Setting
- subsoilede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation in 1982 increased mean grain yield of all three delay treatments by 23 and 1% for conventionally tilled and subsoiled treatments, respectively.”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation raised 1983 conventional-tillage grain yield by 314%.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Irrigationt1
- Outcome
- grain yieldt1
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 314e0
- Setting
- conventionally tilledt1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1983, these increases were 314 and 18%, respectively.”
t0“Corn”
t1“Irrigation in 1982 increased mean grain yield of all three delay treatments by 23 and 1% for conventionally tilled and subsoiled treatments, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation raised 1983 subsoiled grain yield by 18%.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Irrigationt1
- Outcome
- grain yieldt1
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 18%e0
- Setting
- subsoiledt1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1983, these increases were 314 and 18%, respectively.”
t0“Corn”
t1“Irrigation in 1982 increased mean grain yield of all three delay treatments by 23 and 1% for conventionally tilled and subsoiled treatments, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
One-year subsoiling carryover yielded 8.89 Mg ha −1 versus 10.68 Mg ha −1 after current-year subsoiling.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- 1‐yr subsoiling carryovere0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- lowerinferrede0
- Value
- 8.89 Mg ha −1e0
- Qualifier
- 10.68 Mg ha −1e0
- Comparator
- current‐year subsoilede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A 1‐yr subsoiling carryover (1983) resulted in a yield of 8.89 Mg ha −1 vs. a current‐year subsoiled yield of 10.68 Mg ha −1 .”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Two-year subsoiling carryover yielded 9.60 Mg ha −1 versus 10.60 Mg ha −1 after current-year subsoiling.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- 2‐yr carryovere0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- lowerinferrede0
- Value
- 9.60e0
- Qualifier
- 10.60 Mg ha −1e0
- Comparator
- current year subsoilinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A 2‐yr carryover (1982) resulted in a yield of 9.60 vs. 10.60 Mg ha −1 from current year subsoiling.”
t0“Corn”
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