Abstract
In response to salt stress, plants have evolved some adaptations such as osmotic adjustment to acclimatize salt stress. Glycinebetaine (GB) is known to have a role in osmotic adjustment. The present investigation was focused to understand the role of fortnightly exogenous foliar application of GB in inducing salt tolerance in sunflower through osmotic adjustment or by modulating plant water relations. Three levels of GB solutions (0, 0.1% Tween 20 solution; 50 and 100 mM GB in 0.1% Tween 20 solution) were foliarly applied to three-week old plants of sunflower grown at 0, 60, and 120 mM NaCl. Salt stress reduced the growth of sunflower plants. However, four foliar applications of 50 mM GB on weekly basis improved the growth of sunflower plants at intermediate level of salt stress, whereas higher level of GB did not improve the growth or even reduced the growth. Although exogenously applied GB reduced the leaf water potential and osmotic potential that resulted in enhanced leaf turgor potential, it did not improve the growth. Salt induced reduction in photosynthetic rate was partially improved by four applications of GB at intermediate level of salt stress. Furthermore, changes in photosynthetic capacity mainly occurred due to stomatal limitations. Finally, it was concluded that four applications of GB partially alleviated adverse effects of salt stress, which was associated with stomatal factors.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Four weekly foliar applications of 50 mM glycinebetaine improved sunflower growth at intermediate salt stress.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuuse1 - Treatment
- four foliar applications of 50 mM GBe1
- Outcome
- growthe1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Qualifier
- at intermediate level of salt stresse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“four foliar applications of 50 mM GB on weekly basis improved the growth of sunflower plants at intermediate level of salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
A higher glycinebetaine level did not improve sunflower growth and even reduced it.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- higher level of GBe2
- Outcome
- growthe2
- Direction
- reducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress reduced the growth of sunflower plants”
e2“whereas higher level of GB did not improve the growth or even reduced the growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenously applied glycinebetaine reduced sunflower leaf water potential and osmotic potential.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- exogenously applied GBe3
- Outcome
- leaf water potential and osmotic potentiale3
- Direction
- reducede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress reduced the growth of sunflower plants”
e3“Although exogenously applied GB reduced the leaf water potential and osmotic potential that resulted in enhanced leaf turgor potential”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenously applied glycinebetaine enhanced sunflower leaf turgor potential.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- exogenously applied GBe3
- Outcome
- leaf turgor potentiale3
- Direction
- enhancede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress reduced the growth of sunflower plants”
e3“Although exogenously applied GB reduced the leaf water potential and osmotic potential that resulted in enhanced leaf turgor potential”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenously applied glycinebetaine did not improve sunflower growth.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- exogenously applied GBe3
- Outcome
- growthe5
- Direction
- did not improvee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress reduced the growth of sunflower plants”
e3“Although exogenously applied GB reduced the leaf water potential and osmotic potential that resulted in enhanced leaf turgor potential”
e5“it did not improve the growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Four glycinebetaine applications partially improved the salt-reduced photosynthetic rate at intermediate salt stress.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- four applications of GBe6
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratee6
- Direction
- partially improvede6
- Qualifier
- at intermediate level of salt stresse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress reduced the growth of sunflower plants”
e6“Salt induced reduction in photosynthetic rate was partially improved by four applications of GB at intermediate level of salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Changes in sunflower photosynthetic capacity under salt stress are attributed mainly to stomatal limitations.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Outcome
- changes in photosynthetic capacitye7
- Qualifier
- stomatal limitationse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress reduced the growth of sunflower plants”
e7“changes in photosynthetic capacity mainly occurred due to stomatal limitations”
The same questions in other papers
glycine betaine · growth · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
glycine betaine · physiology: photosynthesis · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
application · growth · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
72 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
77 papers more in this group
See all 81 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.