Abstract
Abstract Tillage alters both soil physical and chemical properties, which in turn alter the environment for root growth and may impact on plant growth, nutrient uptake, and yield. The objective was to compare corn ( Zea mays L.) root morphology and distribution in plots under minimum tillage (MT) for 7 yr to conventional tillage (CT) at N fertilization treatments of 0 and 180 kg N/ha. The 3‐yr field study was conducted in the Maryland Piedmont area on a Delanco silt loam (Aquic Hapludult). Three soil cores per plot were taken at vegetative, silking, and dough stages of plant development. A 76‐ mm‐diam steel tube was used to sample to a depth of 0.6 m in the plant row, at midrow (0.38 m), and half way between (0.19 m). The roots collected to 0.6 m accounted for an average of 82% of the total root weight present after grain harvest. Tillage did not significantly affect plant growth or grain yield. Conventional tillage significantly increased root dry weight in only 1 yr. Minimum tillage and N fertilization both increased root weight in the 0‐ to 0.07‐m layer in 2 of the 3 yr. Root mass decreased 90% in the 0‐ to 0.07‐m depth when samples were compared from in the row to 0.19 m away. Nitrogen fertilization decreased milligrams per meter of root and root radius in 2 of the 3 yr, allowing root length to increase in response to N without altering the weight of roots. Root growth was observed under drought and N stress conditions when shoot growth and yield were limited. The period of most rapid root development occurred in the 8 weeks following planting.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Roots collected to 0.6 m accounted for 82% of total postharvest root weight.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse1 - Outcome
- total root weighte0
- Value
- 82%e0
- Qualifier
- 0.6 me0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The roots collected to 0.6 m accounted for an average of 82% of the total root weight present after grain harvest.”
e1“The objective was to compare corn ( Zea mays L.) root morphology and distribution in plots under minimum tillage (MT) for 7 yr to conventional tillage (CT) at N fertilization treatments of 0 and 180 kg N/ha.”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage had no significant effect on corn plant growth or grain yield.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- Tillagee0
- Outcome
- plant growth or grain yielde0
- Direction
- did not significantly affecte0
- Comparator
- conventional tillage (CT)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tillage did not significantly affect plant growth or grain yield.”
e1“The objective was to compare corn ( Zea mays L.) root morphology and distribution in plots under minimum tillage (MT) for 7 yr to conventional tillage (CT) at N fertilization treatments of 0 and 180 kg N/ha.”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage increased corn root dry weight in only one year.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- Conventional tillagee0
- Outcome
- root dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- only 1 yre0
- Comparator
- minimum tillage (MT)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Conventional tillage significantly increased root dry weight in only 1 yr.”
e1“The objective was to compare corn ( Zea mays L.) root morphology and distribution in plots under minimum tillage (MT) for 7 yr to conventional tillage (CT) at N fertilization treatments of 0 and 180 kg N/ha.”
Claim · model-written summary
Minimum tillage increased corn root weight in the top 0.07 m in two of three years.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- Minimum tillagee0
- Outcome
- root weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 0‐ to 0.07‐m layer in 2 of the 3 yre0
- Comparator
- conventional tillage (CT)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Minimum tillage and N fertilization both increased root weight in the 0‐ to 0.07‐m layer in 2 of the 3 yr.”
e1“The objective was to compare corn ( Zea mays L.) root morphology and distribution in plots under minimum tillage (MT) for 7 yr to conventional tillage (CT) at N fertilization treatments of 0 and 180 kg N/ha.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilization increased corn root weight in the top 0.07 m in two of three years.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- N fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- root weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 0‐ to 0.07‐m layer in 2 of the 3 yre0
- Comparator
- 0e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Minimum tillage and N fertilization both increased root weight in the 0‐ to 0.07‐m layer in 2 of the 3 yr.”
e1“The objective was to compare corn ( Zea mays L.) root morphology and distribution in plots under minimum tillage (MT) for 7 yr to conventional tillage (CT) at N fertilization treatments of 0 and 180 kg N/ha.”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn root mass decreased 90% between row and 0.19 m away in the topsoil.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Outcome
- Root masse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 90%e0
- Qualifier
- 0.19 m awaye0
- Comparator
- in the rowe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root mass decreased 90% in the 0‐ to 0.07‐m depth when samples were compared from in the row to 0.19 m away.”
e1“The objective was to compare corn ( Zea mays L.) root morphology and distribution in plots under minimum tillage (MT) for 7 yr to conventional tillage (CT) at N fertilization treatments of 0 and 180 kg N/ha.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilization decreased corn milligrams per meter of root in two of three years.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- Nitrogen fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- milligrams per meter of roote0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- 2 of the 3 yre0
- Comparator
- 0e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen fertilization decreased milligrams per meter of root and root radius in 2 of the 3 yr, allowing root length to increase in response to N without altering the weight of roots.”
e1“The objective was to compare corn ( Zea mays L.) root morphology and distribution in plots under minimum tillage (MT) for 7 yr to conventional tillage (CT) at N fertilization treatments of 0 and 180 kg N/ha.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilization decreased corn root radius in two of three years.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- Nitrogen fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- root radiuse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- 2 of the 3 yre0
- Comparator
- 0e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen fertilization decreased milligrams per meter of root and root radius in 2 of the 3 yr, allowing root length to increase in response to N without altering the weight of roots.”
e1“The objective was to compare corn ( Zea mays L.) root morphology and distribution in plots under minimum tillage (MT) for 7 yr to conventional tillage (CT) at N fertilization treatments of 0 and 180 kg N/ha.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen increased corn root length without altering root weight.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- Nitrogen fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- without altering the weight of rootse0
- Comparator
- 0e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen fertilization decreased milligrams per meter of root and root radius in 2 of the 3 yr, allowing root length to increase in response to N without altering the weight of roots.”
e1“The objective was to compare corn ( Zea mays L.) root morphology and distribution in plots under minimum tillage (MT) for 7 yr to conventional tillage (CT) at N fertilization treatments of 0 and 180 kg N/ha.”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn roots grew under drought and nitrogen stress while shoot growth and yield were limited.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Outcome
- Root growthe0
- Qualifier
- drought and N stress conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root growth was observed under drought and N stress conditions when shoot growth and yield were limited.”
e1“The objective was to compare corn ( Zea mays L.) root morphology and distribution in plots under minimum tillage (MT) for 7 yr to conventional tillage (CT) at N fertilization treatments of 0 and 180 kg N/ha.”
Claim · model-written summary
The most rapid corn root development occurred in the eight weeks after planting.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Outcome
- most rapid root developmente0
- Qualifier
- 8 weeks following plantinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The period of most rapid root development occurred in the 8 weeks following planting.”
e1“The objective was to compare corn ( Zea mays L.) root morphology and distribution in plots under minimum tillage (MT) for 7 yr to conventional tillage (CT) at N fertilization treatments of 0 and 180 kg N/ha.”
The same questions in other papers
tillage · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
286 papers in the same direction as this paper · 812 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
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