Abstract
Abstract Copper deficiencies have been recognized on muck soils for over 35 years. Cu deficiencies and responses under a wide range of growing conditions and soil types in Indiana have been identified by several workers. This study was initiated to establish the need for copper fertilization on certain Indiana soils and to investigate the utility of tissue analyses as a diagnostic tool for identifying such situations. Spectrographic analysis of corn ( Zea mays L.) and soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.) tissue samples submitted by farmers and dealers in 1966 to the Purdue Soil and Plant Analysis Laboratory, were used to locate fields producing crops with copper levels below 5 ppm in the leaf tissue. In the spring of 1967, 44.8 kg Cu/ha was applied at 12 locations. These treatments were effective in increasing the leaf tissue copper level in both corn and soybeans. Corn yields were increased 3 to 12% on all five harvested locations and soybean yields 1.3% and 14.2% on both harvested locations. In 1968 and 1969, increased copper uptake was indicated by higher tissue copper levels and by increased yields. Differences in treatments were more evident in corn tissue sampled 1 month prior to tasseling than when sampled at tasseling time. Yield increases as high as 22.5% in 1968 and 17.9% in 1969 were obtained even though tissue copper levels were not below the “critical level” of 5 ppm. Corn yields in 1968 on a “Chalmers” silty clay loam were increased an average of 6.7% with copper applied in 1968, while yields of corn grown on the same plots with no additional treatment were depressed 6.4% in 1969. In this instance, yields decreased more with cupric sulfate than with cuprous oxide. The largest and most consistent yield increases were obtained on sandy loam and high organic matter soils. It was concluded that corn and soybean yields could be significantly increased with copper additions on selected mineral soils of northwestern and north central Indiana.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Copper application at 44.8 kg Cu/ha increased corn yields by 3 to 12% at five harvested locations.
- Taxon
- Corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- 44.8 kg Cu/hae1
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 3 to 12%e0
- Qualifier
- on all five harvested locationse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn yields were increased 3 to 12% on all five harvested locations and soybean yields 1.3% and 14.2% on both harvested locations”
e1“In the spring of 1967, 44.8 kg Cu/ha was applied at 12 locations”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper application at 44.8 kg Cu/ha increased soybean yields by 1.3% and 14.2% at two harvested locations.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- 44.8 kg Cu/hae1
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 1.3% and 14.2%e0
- Qualifier
- on both harvested locationse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn yields were increased 3 to 12% on all five harvested locations and soybean yields 1.3% and 14.2% on both harvested locations”
e1“In the spring of 1967, 44.8 kg Cu/ha was applied at 12 locations”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper application increased corn leaf tissue copper levels.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse2
- Organ / stage
- leaf tissuee2
- Treatment
- 44.8 kg Cu/hae1
- Outcome
- leaf tissue copper levele2
- Direction
- increasinge2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In the spring of 1967, 44.8 kg Cu/ha was applied at 12 locations”
e2“These treatments were effective in increasing the leaf tissue copper level in both corn and soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper application increased soybean leaf tissue copper levels.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe2
- Organ / stage
- leaf tissuee2
- Treatment
- 44.8 kg Cu/hae1
- Outcome
- leaf tissue copper levele2
- Direction
- increasinge2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In the spring of 1967, 44.8 kg Cu/ha was applied at 12 locations”
e2“These treatments were effective in increasing the leaf tissue copper level in both corn and soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield increases of 22.5% in 1968 were obtained even though tissue copper levels were not below the critical level.
- Taxon
- corn and soybeansGlycine maxZea mays subsp. mayse2
- Outcome
- Yield increasese3
- Direction
- increasese3
- Value
- 22.5% in 1968e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“These treatments were effective in increasing the leaf tissue copper level in both corn and soybeans”
e3“Yield increases as high as 22.5% in 1968 and 17.9% in 1969 were obtained”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield increases of 17.9% in 1969 were obtained even though tissue copper levels were not below the critical level.
- Taxon
- corn and soybeansGlycine maxZea mays subsp. mayse2
- Outcome
- Yield increasese3
- Direction
- increasese3
- Value
- 17.9% in 1969e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“These treatments were effective in increasing the leaf tissue copper level in both corn and soybeans”
e3“Yield increases as high as 22.5% in 1968 and 17.9% in 1969 were obtained”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper applied in 1968 increased corn yields by an average of 6.7% on a Chalmers silty clay loam compared with no additional treatment.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse4
- Treatment
- copper applied in 1968e4
- Outcome
- yieldse4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 6.7%e4
- Qualifier
- silty clay loame4
- Comparator
- no additional treatmente4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Corn yields in 1968 on a “Chalmers” silty clay loam were increased an average of 6.7% with copper applied in 1968, while yields of corn grown on the same plots with no additional treatment were depressed 6.4% in 1969”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn yields with no additional treatment were depressed by 6.4% in 1969.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse4
- Treatment
- no additional treatmente4
- Outcome
- yieldse4
- Direction
- depressede4
- Value
- 6.4%e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Corn yields in 1968 on a “Chalmers” silty clay loam were increased an average of 6.7% with copper applied in 1968, while yields of corn grown on the same plots with no additional treatment were depressed 6.4% in 1969”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn yields decreased more with cupric sulfate than with cuprous oxide.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse4
- Treatment
- cupric sulfatee5
- Outcome
- yieldse5
- Direction
- decreased moree5
- Comparator
- cuprous oxidee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“In this instance, yields decreased more with cupric sulfate than with cuprous oxide”
e4“Corn yields in 1968 on a”
Claim · model-written summary
The largest and most consistent yield increases of corn and soybeans were on sandy loam and high organic matter soils.
- Taxon
- corn and soybeansGlycine maxZea mays subsp. mayse2
- Outcome
- yield increasese6
- Direction
- increasese6
- Qualifier
- sandy loam and high organic matter soilse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“These treatments were effective in increasing the leaf tissue copper level in both corn and soybeans”
e6“The largest and most consistent yield increases were obtained on sandy loam and high organic matter soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper uptake increased tissue copper levels in 1968 and 1969 in corn and soybeans.
- Taxon
- corn and soybeansGlycine maxZea mays subsp. mayse2
- Outcome
- tissue copper levelse7
- Direction
- highere7
- Qualifier
- increased copper uptakee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“These treatments were effective in increasing the leaf tissue copper level in both corn and soybeans”
e7“In 1968 and 1969, increased copper uptake was indicated by higher tissue copper levels and by increased yields”
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See all 12 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.