Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is a key defense signal molecule against biotrophic and hemibiotrophic pathogens in plants, but how SA is synthesized in plant cells still remains elusive. Identification of new components involved in pathogen-induced SA accumulation would help address this question. To this end, we performed a large-scale genetic screen for mutants with altered SA accumulation during pathogen infection in Arabidopsis using a bacterial biosensor Acinetobacter sp. ADPWH_lux-based SA quantification method. A total of 35,000 M2 plants in the npr1-3 mutant background have been individually analyzed for the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola (Psm) ES4326-induced SA accumulation. Among the mutants isolated, 19 had SA levels lower than npr1 (sln) and two exhibited increased SA accumulation in npr1 (isn). Complementation tests revealed that seven of the sln mutants are new alleles of eds5/sid1, two are sid2/eds16 alleles, one is allelic to pad4, and the remaining seven sln and two isn mutants are new non-allelic SA accumulation mutants. Interestingly, a large group of mutants (in the npr1-3 background), in which Psm ES4326-induced SA levels were similar to those in the wild-type Columbia plants, were identified, suggesting that the signaling network fine-tuning pathogen-induced SA accumulation is complex. We further characterized the sln1 single mutant and found that Psm ES4326-induced defense responses were compromised in this mutant. These defense response defects could be rescued by exogenous SA, suggesting that SLN1 functions upstream of SA. The sln1 mutation was mapped to a region on the north arm of chromosome I, which contains no known genes regulating pathogen-induced SA accumulation, indicating that SLN1 likely encodes a new regulator of SA biosynthesis. Thus, the new sln and isn mutants identified in this genetic screen are valuable for dissecting the molecular mechanisms underlying pathogen-induced SA accumulation in plants.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Nineteen mutants had lower SA levels than npr1.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Material
- slne0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola (Psm) ES4326Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicolae7pathogen
- Outcome
- SA levelse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 19e0
- Comparator
- npr1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e7“Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola (Psm) ES4326”
e0“19 had SA levels lower than npr1 (sln)”
Claim · model-written summary
Two mutants showed increased SA accumulation in npr1.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- isne0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola (Psm) ES4326Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicolae7pathogen
- Outcome
- SA accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- twoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e7“Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola (Psm) ES4326”
e0“two exhibited increased SA accumulation in npr1 (isn)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seven sln mutants were new eds5/sid1 alleles.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- sln mutantse0
- Gene
- eds5/sid1e0
- Outcome
- new alleles of eds5/sid1e0
- Value
- sevene0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“seven of the sln mutants are new alleles of eds5/sid1”
Claim · model-written summary
Two sln mutants were sid2/eds16 alleles.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- sln mutantse1
- Gene
- sid2/eds16e0
- Outcome
- sid2/eds16 allelese0
- Value
- twoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“two are sid2/eds16 alleles”
e1“sln mutants”
Claim · model-written summary
One sln mutant was allelic to pad4.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“one is allelic to pad4”
e1“sln mutants”
Claim · model-written summary
Seven sln mutants were new non-allelic SA accumulation mutants.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- slne0
- Outcome
- new non-allelic SA accumulation mutantse0
- Value
- sevene0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“remaining seven sln and two isn mutants are new non-allelic SA accumulation mutants”
Claim · model-written summary
Two isn mutants were new non-allelic SA accumulation mutants.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- isne0
- Outcome
- new non-allelic SA accumulation mutantse0
- Value
- twoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“remaining seven sln and two isn mutants are new non-allelic SA accumulation mutants”
Claim · model-written summary
A large mutant group had pathogen-induced SA levels similar to wild-type Columbia.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola (Psm) ES4326Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicolae7pathogen
- Outcome
- Psm ES4326-induced SA levelse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- wild-type Columbia plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e7“Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola (Psm) ES4326”
e0“Psm ES4326-induced SA levels were similar to those in the wild-type Columbia plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The sln1 mutant had compromised pathogen-induced defense responses.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- sln1 single mutante1
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola (Psm) ES4326Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicolae7pathogen
- Outcome
- Psm ES4326-induced defense responsese0
- Direction
- compromisede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e7“Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola (Psm) ES4326”
e0“Psm ES4326-induced defense responses were compromised in this mutant”
e1“sln1 single mutant”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous SA rescued the sln1 defense response defects.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- sln1 single mutante1
- Treatment
- exogenous SAe0
- Outcome
- defense response defectse0
- Direction
- rescuede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“These defense response defects could be rescued by exogenous SA”
e1“sln1 single mutant”
Claim · model-written summary
SLN1 was inferred to act upstream of SA.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- SLN1e0
- Outcome
- functions upstream of SAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“suggesting that SLN1 functions upstream of SA”
Claim · model-written summary
The sln1 mutation mapped to the north arm of chromosome I.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- sln1e0
- Outcome
- mapped to a region on the north arm of chromosome Ie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“The sln1 mutation was mapped to a region on the north arm of chromosome I”
Claim · model-written summary
SLN1 likely encodes a previously unknown regulator of SA biosynthesis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- SLN1e0
- Outcome
- regulator of SA biosynthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“SLN1 likely encodes a new regulator of SA biosynthesis”
The same questions in other papers
salicylic acid · disease · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
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