Abstract
Plants have evolved sophisticated defense mechanisms against pathogen infections, during which resistance (R) genes play central roles in recognizing pathogens and initiating defense cascades. Most of the cloned R genes share two common domains: the central domain, which encodes a nucleotide binding adaptor shared by APAF-1, certain R proteins, and CED-4 (NB-ARC), plus a C-terminal region that encodes Leu-rich repeats (LRR). In Arabidopsis, a dominant mutant, suppressor of npr1-1, constitutive 1 (snc1), was identified previously that constitutively expresses pathogenesis-related (PR) genes and resistance against both Pseudomonas syringae pv maculicola ES4326 and Peronospora parasitica Noco2. The snc1 mutation was mapped to the RPP4 cluster. In snc1, one of the TIR-NB-LRR-type R genes contains a point mutation that results in a single amino acid change from Glu to Lys in the region between NB-ARC and LRR. Deletions of this R gene in snc1 reverted the plants to wild-type morphology and completely abolished constitutive PR gene expression and disease resistance. The constitutive activation of the defense responses was not the result of the overexpression of the R gene, because its expression level was not altered in snc1. Our data suggest that the point mutation in snc1 renders the R gene constitutively active without interaction with pathogens. To analyze signal transduction pathways downstream of snc1, epistasis analyses between snc1 and pad4-1 or eds5-3 were performed. Although the resistance signaling in snc1 was fully dependent on PAD4, it was only partially affected by blocking salicylic acid (SA) synthesis, suggesting that snc1 activates both SA-dependent and SA-independent resistance pathways.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
The snc1 mutation mapped to the RPP4 cluster.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Material
- snc1e0
- Gene
- RPP4e1
- Outcome
- mapped to the RPP4 clustere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Arabidopsis, a dominant mutant, suppressor of npr1-1, constitutive 1 (snc1)”
e1“The snc1 mutation was mapped to the RPP4 cluster.”
Claim · model-written summary
An snc1 TIR-NB-LRR resistance gene had a point mutation changing Glu to Lys between NB-ARC and LRR.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Material
- snc1e0
- Gene
- TIR-NB-LRR-type R genese1
- Outcome
- single amino acid change from Glu to Lyse1
- Qualifier
- region between NB-ARC and LRRe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Arabidopsis, a dominant mutant, suppressor of npr1-1, constitutive 1 (snc1)”
e1“In snc1, one of the TIR-NB-LRR-type R genes contains a point mutation that results in a single amino acid change from Glu to Lys in the region between NB-ARC and LRR.”
Claim · model-written summary
Deleting the R gene in snc1 restored wild-type morphology.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Material
- snc1e0
- Treatment
- Deletions of this R genee1
- Outcome
- morphologye1
- Direction
- revertede1
- Comparator
- wild-typee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Arabidopsis, a dominant mutant, suppressor of npr1-1, constitutive 1 (snc1)”
e1“Deletions of this R gene in snc1 reverted the plants to wild-type morphology”
Claim · model-written summary
Deleting the R gene in snc1 abolished constitutive PR gene expression.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Material
- snc1e0
- Treatment
- Deletions of this R genee1
- Outcome
- constitutive PR gene expressione1
- Direction
- completely abolishede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Arabidopsis, a dominant mutant, suppressor of npr1-1, constitutive 1 (snc1)”
e1“Deletions of this R gene in snc1 reverted the plants to wild-type morphology and completely abolished constitutive PR gene expression and disease resistance.”
Claim · model-written summary
Deleting the R gene in snc1 abolished disease resistance.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Material
- snc1e0
- Treatment
- Deletions of this R genee1
- Outcome
- disease resistancee1
- Direction
- completely abolishede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Arabidopsis, a dominant mutant, suppressor of npr1-1, constitutive 1 (snc1)”
e1“Deletions of this R gene in snc1 reverted the plants to wild-type morphology and completely abolished constitutive PR gene expression and disease resistance.”
Claim · model-written summary
R gene expression was not altered in snc1.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Material
- snc1e0
- Outcome
- expression levele1
- Direction
- not alterede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Arabidopsis, a dominant mutant, suppressor of npr1-1, constitutive 1 (snc1)”
e1“its expression level was not altered in snc1”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that the snc1 point mutation makes the R gene constitutively active without pathogen interaction.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Material
- snc1e0
- Gene
- R genee1
- Outcome
- constitutively activee1
- Qualifier
- without interaction with pathogense1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Arabidopsis, a dominant mutant, suppressor of npr1-1, constitutive 1 (snc1)”
e1“the point mutation in snc1 renders the R gene constitutively active without interaction with pathogens”
Claim · model-written summary
snc1 resistance signaling was fully dependent on PAD4.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Material
- snc1e0
- Gene
- PAD4e1
- Outcome
- resistance signalinge1
- Qualifier
- fully dependente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Arabidopsis, a dominant mutant, suppressor of npr1-1, constitutive 1 (snc1)”
e1“the resistance signaling in snc1 was fully dependent on PAD4”
Claim · model-written summary
Blocking salicylic acid synthesis only partially affected snc1 resistance signaling.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Material
- snc1e0
- Treatment
- blocking salicylic acid (SA) synthesise1
- Outcome
- resistance signalinge2
- Direction
- only partially affectede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Arabidopsis, a dominant mutant, suppressor of npr1-1, constitutive 1 (snc1)”
e1“it was only partially affected by blocking salicylic acid (SA) synthesis”
e2“the resistance signaling in snc1 was fully dependent on PAD4”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that snc1 activates both salicylic acid dependent and independent resistance pathways.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Material
- snc1e0
- Outcome
- SA-dependent and SA-independent resistance pathwayse1
- Qualifier
- activatese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Arabidopsis, a dominant mutant, suppressor of npr1-1, constitutive 1 (snc1)”
e1“snc1 activates both SA-dependent and SA-independent resistance pathways”
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See all 197 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.