Abstract
Effects of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D), a -naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) either alone or in combinations of the two at various concentrations in callus induction media on somatic embryogenesis from cotyledon explants of Cucumis sativus L. cv. Fushinarimidori were studied. NAA and 2, 4-D were beneficial to somatic embryo formation. IAA induced adventitious shoot production but failed to stimulate somatic embryo formation. The most effective auxin for somatic embryogenesis was 2, 4-D, which induced the highest frequency somatic embryogenesis at the concentrations of 1.0 and 2.0 mg•liter-1. The number of somatic embryos formed was, however, significantly larger with 2.0 mg•liter-1 than at 1.0 mg•liter-1 2, 4-D.A combination of 0.5 mg•liter-1 2, 4-D and 10.0 mg•liter-1 NAA led to a high frequency of somatic embryo formation and as many somatic embryos as 2, 4-D alone at 2.0 mg•liter-1 Furthermore, either 1.0 mg•liter-1 2, 4-D plus 1.0 mg•liter-1 NAA or 2.0 mg•liter-1 2, 4-D plus 0.5 mg•liter-1 NAA resulted in a greater production of somatic embryos as compared with 2.0 mg•liter-1 2, 4-D. In contrast, when 2, 4-D was combined with IAA, only somatic embryos and no adventitious shoots were formed. Somatic embryogenic capacity, however, was significantly restricted by the addition of IAA, and both the frequency of somatic embryo formation and the yield of somatic embryos decreased quadratically with an increasing concentration of IAA.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
NAA benefited somatic embryo formation.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativus L.
Cucumis sativust0 - Treatment
- NAAe0
- Outcome
- somatic embryo formatione0
- Direction
- beneficiale0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NAA and 2, 4-D were beneficial to somatic embryo formation”
t0“Cucumis sativus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
2, 4-D benefited somatic embryo formation.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativus L.Cucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- 2, 4-De0
- Outcome
- somatic embryo formatione0
- Direction
- beneficiale0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NAA and 2, 4-D were beneficial to somatic embryo formation”
t0“Cucumis sativus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA induced adventitious shoots.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativus L.Cucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- IAAe0
- Outcome
- adventitious shoot productione0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“IAA induced adventitious shoot production”
t0“Cucumis sativus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA failed to stimulate embryo formation.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativus L.Cucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- IAAe0
- Outcome
- somatic embryo formatione0
- Direction
- failed to stimulatee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“IAA induced adventitious shoot production but failed to stimulate somatic embryo formation”
t0“Cucumis sativus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
2, 4-D at 1.0 and 2.0 mg•liter-1 gave the highest somatic embryogenesis frequency.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativus L.Cucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- 2, 4-De0
- Outcome
- frequency somatic embryogenesise0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1.0 and 2.0 mg•liter-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“2, 4-D, which induced the highest frequency somatic embryogenesis at the concentrations of 1.0 and 2.0 mg•liter-1”
t0“Cucumis sativus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
2.0 mg•liter-1 2, 4-D yielded more embryos than 1.0 mg•liter-1.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativus L.Cucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- 2.0 mg•liter-1e0
- Outcome
- number of somatic embryose1
- Direction
- largere0
- Comparator
- 1.0 mg•liter-1 2, 4-De0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly larger with 2.0 mg•liter-1 than at 1.0 mg•liter-1 2, 4-D”
t0“Cucumis sativus L.”
t1“Cucumis sativus L.”
e1“The number of somatic embryos formed”
Claim · model-written summary
0.5 mg•liter-1 2, 4-D plus 10.0 mg•liter-1 NAA gave high embryo frequency and yield comparable to 2, 4-D alone.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativus L.Cucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- 0.5 mg•liter-1 2, 4-D and 10.0 mg•liter-1 NAAe0
- Outcome
- somatic embryo formatione0
- Direction
- high frequencye0
- Comparator
- 2, 4-D alone at 2.0 mg•liter-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“0.5 mg•liter-1 2, 4-D and 10.0 mg•liter-1 NAA led to a high frequency of somatic embryo formation and as many somatic embryos as 2, 4-D alone at 2.0 mg•liter-1”
t0“Cucumis sativus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Two other 2, 4-D and NAA combinations produced more embryos than 2, 4-D alone.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativus L.Cucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- 1.0 mg•liter-1 2, 4-D plus 1.0 mg•liter-1 NAAe0
- Outcome
- production of somatic embryose0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- 2.0 mg•liter-1 2, 4-De0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“either 1.0 mg•liter-1 2, 4-D plus 1.0 mg•liter-1 NAA or 2.0 mg•liter-1 2, 4-D plus 0.5 mg•liter-1 NAA resulted in a greater production of somatic embryos as compared with 2.0 mg•liter-1 2, 4-D”
t0“Cucumis sativus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
2, 4-D with IAA formed only embryos, without adventitious shoots.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativus L.Cucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- 2, 4-D was combined with IAAe0
- Outcome
- only somatic embryos and no adventitious shootse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when 2, 4-D was combined with IAA, only somatic embryos and no adventitious shoots were formed”
t0“Cucumis sativus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing IAA reduced somatic embryo frequency and yield quadratically.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativus L.Cucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- increasing concentration of IAAe0
- Outcome
- frequency of somatic embryo formation and the yield of somatic embryose0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both the frequency of somatic embryo formation and the yield of somatic embryos decreased quadratically with an increasing concentration of IAA”
t0“Cucumis sativus L.”
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See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.