Abstract
Autonomous (independent of the germinating embryo) α-amylase production was compared in the endosperm segments of some genetically pure lines of Avena fatua L. (wild oats) differing in the duration of their seed dormancy. Endosperm segments from six randomly taken dormant lines showed no α-amylase production unless gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) was supplied. In contrast, endosperm segments from four out of six nondormant lines produced and released substantial amounts of α -amylase and reducing sugars. Thus, natural selection has resulted in coadaptation of seed dormancy and a rigorous dependence of endosperm hydrolysis on gibberellins produced by the germinating embryo. The variability in the degree of autonomy amongst nondormant lines indicates that the observed coupling of these two traits in dormant lines is not due to simple pleiotropy, but probably reflects the action of multiple genetic loci or multiple alleles. These results also indicate that long-term endosperm stability confers little advantage in wild oat seeds predisposed to brief periods of residence in soil.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Endosperm from six dormant lines produced no α-amylase unless GA3 was supplied.
- Taxon
- Avena fatua L.
Avena fatuae0 - Material
- dormant linese1
- Organ / stage
- Endosperm segmentse1
- Treatment
- gibberellic acid (GA 3 )e1
- Outcome
- α-amylase productione1
- Direction
- noe1
- Value
- sixe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Avena fatua L. (wild oats)”
e1“Endosperm segments from six randomly taken dormant lines showed no α-amylase production unless gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) was supplied”
Claim · model-written summary
Four of six nondormant lines produced and released substantial α-amylase and reducing sugars autonomously.
- Taxon
- Avena fatua L.Avena fatuae0
- Material
- nondormant linese1
- Organ / stage
- endosperm segmentse1
- Outcome
- α -amylase and reducing sugarse1
- Value
- four out of sixe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Avena fatua L. (wild oats)”
e1“endosperm segments from four out of six nondormant lines produced and released substantial amounts of α -amylase and reducing sugars”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer coadaptation between seed dormancy and dependence of endosperm hydrolysis on embryo-produced gibberellins.
- Taxon
- Avena fatua L.Avena fatuae0
- Organ / stage
- endosperme1
- Compound
- gibberellinse1
- Outcome
- coadaptation of seed dormancy and a rigorous dependence of endosperm hydrolysise1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Avena fatua L. (wild oats)”
e1“natural selection has resulted in coadaptation of seed dormancy and a rigorous dependence of endosperm hydrolysis on gibberellins produced by the germinating embryo”
Claim · model-written summary
Variation among nondormant lines argues against simple pleiotropy and suggests multiple loci or alleles.
- Taxon
- Avena fatua L.Avena fatuae0
- Material
- nondormant linese1
- Outcome
- observed coupling of these two traits in dormant linese1
- Qualifier
- multiple genetic loci or multiple allelese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Avena fatua L. (wild oats)”
e1“The variability in the degree of autonomy amongst nondormant lines indicates that the observed coupling of these two traits in dormant lines is not due to simple pleiotropy, but probably reflects the action of multiple genetic loci or multiple alleles”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that long-term endosperm stability gives little advantage to wild-oat seeds with brief soil residence.
- Taxon
- Avena fatua L.Avena fatuae0
- Organ / stage
- endosperme1
- Outcome
- advantagee1
- Direction
- littlee1
- Qualifier
- brief periods of residence in soile1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Avena fatua L. (wild oats)”
e1“long-term endosperm stability confers little advantage in wild oat seeds predisposed to brief periods of residence in soil”