Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has been known as an important signal in plant antioxidative defense but its production and roles in water stress are less known. The present study investigated whether NO dependence on a NO synthase-like (NOS) activity is involved in the signaling of drought-induced protective responses in maize seedlings.NOS activity, rate of NO release and drought responses were analyzed when NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP), NO scavenger c-PTIO (2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide) and NOS inhibitor L-NAME (NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester) were applied to both detached maize leaves and whole plants. Both NOS activity and the rate of NO release increased substantially under dehydration stress. The high NOS activity induced by c-PTIO as NO scavenger and NO accumulation inhibited by NOS inhibitor L-NAME in dehydration-treated maize seedlings indicated that most NO production under water deficit stress may be generated from NOS-like activity. After dehydration stress for 3 h, detached maize leaves pretreated with NO donor SNP maintained more water content than that of control leaves pretreated with water. This result was consistent with the decrease in the transpiration rate of SNP-treated leaves subjected to drought treatment for 3 h. Membrane permeability, a cell injury index, was lower in SNP-treated maize leaves under dehydration stress for 4 h when compared with the control leaves. Also, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of SNP combined drought treatment maize leaves was higher than that of drought treatment alone, indicating that exogenous NO treatment alleviated the water loss and oxidative damage of maize leaves under water deficit stress. When c-PTIO as a specific NO scavenger was applied, the effects of applied SNP were overridden. Treatment with L-NAME on leaves also led to higher membrane permeability, higher transpiration rate and lower SOD activities than those of control leaves, indicating that NOS-like activity was involved in the antioxidative defense under water stress. These results suggested that NO dependence on NOS-like activity serves as a signaling component in the induction of protective responses and is associated with drought tolerance in maize seedlings.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
NOS activity and the rate of NO release in maize increased under dehydration stress.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Water Stress Signaling of Maize Seedling”
e0“Both NOS activity and the rate of NO release increased substantially under dehydration stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Most NO production under water deficit stress may be generated from NOS-like activity in maize.
- Treatment
- water deficit stresse7
- Outcome
- most NO productione7
- Qualifier
- generated from NOS-like activitye7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Water Stress Signaling of Maize Seedling”
e7“most NO production under water deficit stress may be generated from NOS-like activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Detached maize leaves pretreated with the NO donor SNP maintained more water content than control leaves after 3 h of dehydration stress.
- Treatment
- NO donor SNPe1
- Outcome
- water contente1
- Direction
- maintained moree1
- Qualifier
- dehydration stress for 3 he1
- Comparator
- control leaves pretreated with watere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Water Stress Signaling of Maize Seedling”
e1“After dehydration stress for 3 h, detached maize leaves pretreated with NO donor SNP maintained more water content than that of control leaves pretreated with water”
Claim · model-written summary
Transpiration rate of SNP-treated maize leaves decreased under 3 h of drought treatment.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Water Stress Signaling of Maize Seedling”
e2“the decrease in the transpiration rate of SNP-treated leaves subjected to drought treatment for 3 h”
Claim · model-written summary
Membrane permeability was lower in SNP-treated maize leaves than in control leaves under 4 h of dehydration stress.
- Treatment
- SNPe3
- Outcome
- Membrane permeabilitye3
- Direction
- lowere3
- Qualifier
- dehydration stress for 4 he3
- Comparator
- control leavese3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Water Stress Signaling of Maize Seedling”
e3“Membrane permeability, a cell injury index, was lower in SNP-treated maize leaves under dehydration stress for 4 h when compared with the control leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
SOD activity of maize leaves under SNP plus drought was higher than under drought alone.
- Treatment
- SNPe4
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase (SOD) activitye4
- Direction
- highere4
- Comparator
- drought treatment alonee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Water Stress Signaling of Maize Seedling”
e4“superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of SNP combined drought treatment maize leaves was higher than that of drought treatment alone”
Claim · model-written summary
The NO scavenger c-PTIO overrode the effects of applied SNP in maize.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Water Stress Signaling of Maize Seedling”
e5“When c-PTIO as a specific NO scavenger was applied, the effects of applied SNP were overridden”
Claim · model-written summary
L-NAME on maize leaves led to higher membrane permeability than control leaves.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Water Stress Signaling of Maize Seedling”
e6“Treatment with L-NAME on leaves also led to higher membrane permeability, higher transpiration rate and lower SOD activities than those of control leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
L-NAME on maize leaves led to higher transpiration rate than control leaves.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Water Stress Signaling of Maize Seedling”
e6“Treatment with L-NAME on leaves also led to higher membrane permeability, higher transpiration rate and lower SOD activities than those of control leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
L-NAME on maize leaves led to lower SOD activity than control leaves.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Water Stress Signaling of Maize Seedling”
e6“Treatment with L-NAME on leaves also led to higher membrane permeability, higher transpiration rate and lower SOD activities than those of control leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
NO dependence on NOS-like activity is suggested to serve as a signaling component in the induction of protective responses in maize.
- Outcome
- induction of protective responsese1
- Qualifier
- NO dependence on NOS-like activity serves as a signaling componente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Water Stress Signaling of Maize Seedling”
e1“NO dependence on NOS-like activity serves as a signaling component in the induction of protective responses and is associated with drought tolerance in maize seedlings”
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