Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) treatment significantly increased chilling tolerance in maize seedlings. ABA in combination with nitric oxide (NO) donor SNP further enhanced the ABA-induced chilling tolerance. But the addition of NO scavenger 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (PTIO) nullified the increasing effect of SNP on chilling tolerance. In addition, the combination of ABA and PTIO decreased the ABA-induced chilling tolerance. Measurement of activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content and the level of lipid peroxidation (in terms of malondialdehyde) indicated that chilling stress induced an oxidative stress in maize seedlings. ABA treatment enabled maize seedlings to maintain higher SOD and CAT activities and lower level of H2O2 and lipid peroxidation under chilling stress. ABA in combination with SNP further enhanced the ABA-induced increase in SOD and CAT activities and lowered the chilling stress-induced lipid peroxidation in the ABA-treated seedlings. But the addition of PTIO scavenged the increasing effect of SNP. In addition, the combination of ABA and PTIO had a contrary effect with that of ABA and SNP. These results suggest that the ABA-induced chilling tolerance is mediated by NO, NO is involved in ABA-induced chilling tolerance by increasing activities of antioxidant enzymes and reduced endogenous H2O2 accumulation.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
ABA significantly increased chilling tolerance in maize seedlings.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Abscisic acid (ABA) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) treatment significantly increased chilling tolerance in maize seedlings”
e1“oxidative stress in maize seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP significantly increased chilling tolerance in maize seedlings.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Abscisic acid (ABA) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) treatment significantly increased chilling tolerance in maize seedlings”
e1“oxidative stress in maize seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA combined with SNP further enhanced ABA-induced chilling tolerance.
- Treatment
- ABA in combination with nitric oxide (NO) donor SNPe0
- Outcome
- ABA-induced chilling tolerancee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- ABA-inducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ABA in combination with nitric oxide (NO) donor SNP further enhanced the ABA-induced chilling tolerance”
e1“oxidative stress in maize seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding PTIO nullified the SNP increase in chilling tolerance.
- Treatment
- addition of NO scavenger 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (PTIO)e0
- Outcome
- increasing effect of SNP on chilling tolerancee0
- Direction
- nullifiede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the addition of NO scavenger 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (PTIO) nullified the increasing effect of SNP on chilling tolerance”
e1“oxidative stress in maize seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA with PTIO decreased ABA-induced chilling tolerance.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combination of ABA and PTIO decreased the ABA-induced chilling tolerance”
e1“oxidative stress in maize seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Chilling stress induced oxidative stress in maize seedlings.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chilling stress induced an oxidative stress in maize seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA maintained higher SOD and CAT activities under chilling stress.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ABA treatment enabled maize seedlings to maintain higher SOD and CAT activities and lower level of H2O2 and lipid peroxidation under chilling stress”
e1“oxidative stress in maize seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA maintained lower H2O2 and lipid peroxidation under chilling stress.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ABA treatment enabled maize seedlings to maintain higher SOD and CAT activities and lower level of H2O2 and lipid peroxidation under chilling stress”
e1“oxidative stress in maize seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA plus SNP further increased SOD and CAT activities.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ABA in combination with SNP further enhanced the ABA-induced increase in SOD and CAT activities”
e1“oxidative stress in maize seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA plus SNP lowered chilling-induced lipid peroxidation.
- Treatment
- ABA in combination with SNPe0
- Outcome
- chilling stress-induced lipid peroxidatione0
- Direction
- lowerede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ABA in combination with SNP further enhanced the ABA-induced increase in SOD and CAT activities and lowered the chilling stress-induced lipid peroxidation in the ABA-treated seedlings”
e1“oxidative stress in maize seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
PTIO scavenged the increasing effect of SNP on antioxidant activities.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“But the addition of PTIO scavenged the increasing effect of SNP”
e1“oxidative stress in maize seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer NO mediates ABA-induced chilling tolerance through antioxidant enzymes and reduced H2O2 accumulation.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ABA-induced chilling tolerance is mediated by NO, NO is involved in ABA-induced chilling tolerance by increasing activities of antioxidant enzymes and reduced endogenous H2O2 accumulation”
e1“oxidative stress in maize seedlings”
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