Abstract
The effects on crop establishment, crop development and the yield of wheat of two methods of fallow preparation, at each of three lengths of fallow were investigated over 5 years on red duplex and associated soils in north-central Victoria. The two methods of preparation were: scarifying, which involved the repeated use of a tined tillage implement; and herbicide application, which involved the repeated use of non-residual herbicides to control weeds during the fallow phase. The three lengths of fallow were winter, spring and autumn, which were approximately 10, 8 and 2 months respectively. Grain yield on the scarifier treatments was 0.26 t/ha greater (P<0.10) than on the herbicide treatments. Grain yield on winter fallow was 0.46 and 0.56 t/ha greater (Pt0.01) than on spring and autumn fallows, respectively. Crop yield was positively correlated (R2= 0.49) with soil nitrate determined at the time the crop was sown, but was independent of available soil water content determined at that time. Winter fallowing conserved 15 and 29 mm more water than did spring and autumn fallowing respectively, and mineralized 26 and 28 kg/ha more nitrogen than did spring and autumn fallows respectively. Crop establishment (No. of plants/m of row) on the herbicide treatment was 89% (P< 0.05) of that on the scarifier treatment, but this was not the reason for the reduced grain yield on the herbicide treatment. The lower yields were caused by depressed crop vigour (number of spikes/m of row) which in turn was largely a consequence of the inefficient uptake of nitrogen. The yield benefits of scarifying appear to reflect the importance of the initial two or three cultivations.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Scarifier fallow treatments gave 0.26 t/ha greater grain yield than herbicide treatments.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- scarifier treatmentse4
- Outcome
- Grain yielde4
- Direction
- greatere4
- Value
- 0.26 t/hae4
- Qualifier
- P<0.10e4
- Comparator
- herbicide treatmentse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“growth and yield of wheat”
e4“Grain yield on the scarifier treatments was 0.26 t/ha greater (P<0.10) than on the herbicide treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Winter fallow gave 0.46 and 0.56 t/ha greater grain yield than spring and autumn fallows.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- winter fallowe5
- Outcome
- Grain yielde5
- Direction
- greatere5
- Value
- 0.46 and 0.56 t/hae5
- Qualifier
- Pt0.01e5
- Comparator
- spring and autumn fallowse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“growth and yield of wheat”
e5“Grain yield on winter fallow was 0.46 and 0.56 t/ha greater (Pt0.01) than on spring and autumn fallows, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Crop yield was positively correlated with soil nitrate at sowing (R2 = 0.49).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Compound
- soil nitratee6
- Outcome
- Crop yielde6
- Direction
- positively correlatede6
- Value
- R2= 0.49e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“growth and yield of wheat”
e6“Crop yield was positively correlated (R2= 0.49) with soil nitrate determined at the time the crop was sown, but was independent of available soil water content determined at that time”
Claim · model-written summary
Crop yield was independent of available soil water content at sowing.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- available soil water contente6
- Outcome
- Crop yielde6
- Direction
- independente6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“growth and yield of wheat”
e6“Crop yield was positively correlated (R2= 0.49) with soil nitrate determined at the time the crop was sown, but was independent of available soil water content determined at that time”
Claim · model-written summary
Winter fallowing conserved 15 and 29 mm more water than spring and autumn fallowing.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Winter fallowinge7
- Outcome
- watere7
- Direction
- moree7
- Value
- 15 and 29 mme7
- Comparator
- spring and autumn fallowinge7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“growth and yield of wheat”
e7“Winter fallowing conserved 15 and 29 mm more water than did spring and autumn fallowing respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Winter fallowing mineralized 26 and 28 kg/ha more nitrogen than spring and autumn fallows.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Winter fallowinge7
- Outcome
- nitrogene0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 26 and 28 kg/hae0
- Qualifier
- mineralizede0
- Comparator
- spring and autumn fallowse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“growth and yield of wheat”
e7“Winter fallowing conserved 15 and 29 mm more water than did spring and autumn fallowing respectively”
e0“and mineralized 26 and 28 kg/ha more nitrogen than did spring and autumn fallows respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Crop establishment on herbicide treatment was lower than on scarifier treatment (89%).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- herbicide treatmente1
- Outcome
- Crop establishmente1
- Direction
- lowerinferrede1
- Value
- 89%e1
- Qualifier
- P< 0.05e1
- Comparator
- scarifier treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“growth and yield of wheat”
e1“Crop establishment (No. of plants/m of row) on the herbicide treatment was 89% (P< 0.05) of that on the scarifier treatment, but this was not the reason for the reduced grain yield on the herbicide treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower crop establishment was not the reason for the reduced grain yield on the herbicide treatment.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- herbicide treatmente1
- Outcome
- the reduced grain yield on the herbicide treatmente1
- Qualifier
- this was not the reasone1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“growth and yield of wheat”
e1“Crop establishment (No. of plants/m of row) on the herbicide treatment was 89% (P< 0.05) of that on the scarifier treatment, but this was not the reason for the reduced grain yield on the herbicide treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower yields on the herbicide treatment were caused by depressed crop vigour.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- lower yieldse2
- Qualifier
- depressed crop vigoure2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“growth and yield of wheat”
e2“The lower yields were caused by depressed crop vigour (number of spikes/m of row) which in turn was largely a consequence of the inefficient uptake of nitrogen”
Claim · model-written summary
Depressed crop vigour was largely a consequence of inefficient uptake of nitrogen.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Compound
- nitrogene2
- Outcome
- crop vigoure2
- Qualifier
- inefficient uptake of nitrogene2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“growth and yield of wheat”
e2“The lower yields were caused by depressed crop vigour (number of spikes/m of row) which in turn was largely a consequence of the inefficient uptake of nitrogen”
Claim · model-written summary
The yield benefit of scarifying may reflect the importance of the initial two or three cultivations.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- scarifyinge3
- Outcome
- yield benefits of scarifyinge3
- Qualifier
- the importance of the initial two or three cultivationse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“growth and yield of wheat”
e3“The yield benefits of scarifying appear to reflect the importance of the initial two or three cultivations”
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See all 345 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.