Abstract
Field experiments were conducted over a 2-yr period to evaluate the need for competition by crop plants along with the application of postemergence herbicides for wild oat (Avena fatua L.) control in barley and wheat. Barban, difenzoquat, and barban plus difenzoquat were used in barley and barban, benzoylprop ethyl, diclofop methyl, flamprop methyl, and barban plus benzoylprop ethyl were used in wheat, at the two-leaf stage and the four-leaf stage of wild oats seeded alone or in a crop. Barban and diclofop methyl were effective for wild oat control at both the two-leaf and four-leaf stage of wild oats. Benzoylprop ethyl, difenzoquat and flamprop methyl alone or in combination with barban were more effective at the four-leaf than at the two-leaf stage of wild oats. Herbicide treatments increased barley yield up to 84% and wheat yield up to 177%. In the absence of herbicide treatments, crop competition from barley or wheat reduced the wild oat dry weight by about 50%. Competition by crop plants was essential for effective wild oat control with all foliage-applied wild oat herbicides included in this study.Key words: Competition, crop, wild oat, herbicides, wheat, barley
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Barban controlled wild oat at both tested stages.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Barban and diclofop methyl were effective for wild oat control at both the two-leaf and four-leaf stage of wild oats.”
t0“CROP COMPETITION AIDS EFFICACY OF WILD OAT HERBICIDES”
Claim · model-written summary
Diclofop methyl controlled wild oat at both tested stages.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- diclofop methyle0
- Interactor
- wild oate0weed
- Outcome
- wild oat controle0
- Direction
- effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Barban and diclofop methyl were effective for wild oat control at both the two-leaf and four-leaf stage of wild oats.”
e1“in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Benzoylprop ethyl was more effective at the four-leaf stage.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Benzoylprop ethyle0
- Outcome
- wild oatse0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- two-leaf stagee0
AvenaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Benzoylprop ethyl, difenzoquat and flamprop methyl alone or in combination with barban were more effective at the four-leaf than at the two-leaf stage of wild oats.”
e1“in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Difenzoquat was more effective at the four-leaf stage.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree1 - Treatment
- difenzoquate0
- Outcome
- wild oatse0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- two-leaf stagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Benzoylprop ethyl, difenzoquat and flamprop methyl alone or in combination with barban were more effective at the four-leaf than at the two-leaf stage of wild oats.”
e1“difenzoquat were used in barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Flamprop methyl was more effective at the four-leaf stage.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- flamprop methyle0
- Outcome
- wild oatse0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- two-leaf stagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Benzoylprop ethyl, difenzoquat and flamprop methyl alone or in combination with barban were more effective at the four-leaf than at the two-leaf stage of wild oats.”
e1“in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides increased barley yield by up to 84%.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- Herbicide treatmentse0
- Outcome
- barley yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 84%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Herbicide treatments increased barley yield up to 84%”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides increased wheat yield by up to 177%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Herbicide treatmentse1
- Outcome
- wheat yielde0
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 177%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat yield up to 177%”
e1“Herbicide treatments increased barley yield up to 84% and wheat yield up to 177%”
Claim · model-written summary
Without herbicides, barley competition reduced wild oat dry weight by about 50%.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- crop competition from barleye0
- Interactor
- wild oate0weed
- Outcome
- wild oat dry weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- about 50%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the absence of herbicide treatments, crop competition from barley or wheat reduced the wild oat dry weight by about 50%.”
Claim · model-written summary
Without herbicides, wheat competition reduced wild oat dry weight by about 50%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- crop competition from barley or wheate0
- Interactor
- wild oate0weed
- Outcome
- wild oat dry weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- about 50%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the absence of herbicide treatments, crop competition from barley or wheat reduced the wild oat dry weight by about 50%.”
Claim · model-written summary
Crop competition was essential to effective wild oat herbicide control.
- Taxon
- barley and wheatHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivume1
- Interactor
- wild oate0weed
- Outcome
- effective wild oat controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Competition by crop plants was essential for effective wild oat control with all foliage-applied wild oat herbicides included in this study.”
e1“in barley and wheat”
The same questions in other papers
Hordeum vulgare · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Benzoylprop-ethyl · Avena · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Flamprop · Avena · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Difenzoquat · Avena · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
methyl · Avena · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
diclofop-methyl · control · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
competition · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
15 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
12 papers more in this group
See all 16 papers →herbicide · yield · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results differ
41 papers in the same direction as this paper · 19 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
57 papers more in this group
See all 61 papers →8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.