Abstract
Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate new options for sugar beet mulch systems, using a glyphosate‐resistant hybrid. In four field trials – conducted in 2002 and 2003 at two sites in a major sugar beet‐growing region in the central Germany – three different mulch systems (straw, non‐winterhardy and winterhardy cover crop) and an alternative seedbed preparation method (rotary band tillage) have been tested in comparison with a control treatment (plough, no mulch, broadcast seedbed preparation) representing the common German practice. In all systems, a set of eight different weed control programmes, including two reference treatments, one with selective conventional herbicides and five exclusively using glyphosate, has been evaluated for efficacy. It could be shown that the integration of winterhardy cover crops into sugar beet mulch systems reduced the risk of nitrogen loss by leaching. The changes in the nitrogen dynamics neither influence the yield nor the technical quality of the sugar beet. The field emergence of sugar beet decreased while using a winterhardy cover crop, but was not altered by the seedbed preparation method. Compared with the conventional broadcast seedbed preparation, the rotary band tillage did reduce the weed density. The lowest weed density was observed in the straw mulch system. It was not possible to control the remaining plants of the winterhardy cover crops completely with selective herbicides. If glyphosate was used until the four‐leaf stage of the sugar beet, a regulation of the winterhardy cover crop was achievable. With glyphosate it was also feasible to control older weeds together with the newly emerging ones with post‐emergence applications only. For most of the mulch systems tested, the sugar beet was very sensitive to weed competition between the four‐ and 10‐leaf stage. If the weeds within the sugar beet rows were controlled during this sensitive period with an early glyphosate band application, the remaining weeds between the rows could be left uncontrolled until the 10‐leaf stage of the sugar beet without any yield loss. Only in the combination of winterhardy cover crop × rotary band seedbed preparation, the weeds and cover crop had to be controlled directly after emergence of the sugar beet.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
In sugar beet systems, winterhardy cover crops was associated with risk of nitrogen loss by leaching.
- Taxon
- sugar beet
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0 - Treatment
- winterhardy cover cropse0
- Outcome
- risk of nitrogen loss by leachinge0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the integration of winterhardy cover crops into sugar beet mulch systems reduced the risk of nitrogen loss by leaching.”
Claim · model-written summary
In sugar beet systems, changes in the nitrogen dynamics was associated with yield and technical quality.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- changes in the nitrogen dynamicse0
- Outcome
- yield nor the technical qualitye0
- Direction
- neither influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The changes in the nitrogen dynamics neither influence the yield nor the technical quality of the sugar beet.”
Claim · model-written summary
In sugar beet systems, winterhardy cover crop was associated with field emergence of sugar beet.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- winterhardy cover crope0
- Outcome
- field emergence of sugar beete0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The field emergence of sugar beet decreased while using a winterhardy cover crop, but was not altered by the seedbed preparation method.”
Claim · model-written summary
In sugar beet systems, seedbed preparation method was associated with field emergence of sugar beet.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- seedbed preparation methode0
- Outcome
- field emergence of sugar beete0
- Direction
- not alterede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The field emergence of sugar beet decreased while using a winterhardy cover crop, but was not altered by the seedbed preparation method.”
Claim · model-written summary
In sugar beet systems, rotary band tillage was associated with weed density.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- rotary band tillagee0
- Outcome
- weed densitye0
- Direction
- reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the conventional broadcast seedbed preparation, the rotary band tillage did reduce the weed density.”
t0“Sugar Beet”
Claim · model-written summary
In sugar beet systems, straw mulch system was associated with weed density.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- straw mulch systeme0
- Outcome
- weed densitye0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lowest weed density was observed in the straw mulch system.”
t0“Sugar Beet”
Claim · model-written summary
In sugar beet systems, selective herbicides was associated with remaining plants of the winterhardy cover crops.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- selective herbicidese0
- Outcome
- remaining plants of the winterhardy cover cropse0
- Direction
- not possiblee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It was not possible to control the remaining plants of the winterhardy cover crops completely with selective herbicides.”
t0“Sugar Beet”
Claim · model-written summary
In sugar beet systems, glyphosate was associated with winterhardy cover crop.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- winterhardy cover crope0
- Direction
- achievablee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“If glyphosate was used until the four‐leaf stage of the sugar beet, a regulation of the winterhardy cover crop was achievable.”
Claim · model-written summary
In sugar beet systems, glyphosate was associated with older weeds together with the newly emerging ones.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- older weeds together with the newly emerging onese0
- Direction
- feasiblee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With glyphosate it was also feasible to control older weeds together with the newly emerging ones with post‐emergence applications only.”
t0“Sugar Beet”
Claim · model-written summary
In sugar beet systems, weed competition was associated with sugar beet was very sensitive.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- weed competitione0
- Outcome
- sugar beet was very sensitivee0
- Direction
- very sensitivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For most of the mulch systems tested, the sugar beet was very sensitive to weed competition between the four‐ and 10‐leaf stage.”
Claim · model-written summary
In sugar beet systems, early glyphosate band application was associated with yield loss.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- early glyphosate band applicatione0
- Outcome
- yield losse0
- Direction
- without anye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“If the weeds within the sugar beet rows were controlled during this sensitive period with an early glyphosate band application, the remaining weeds between the rows could be left uncontrolled until the 10‐leaf stage of the sugar beet without any yield loss.”
Claim · model-written summary
In sugar beet systems, winterhardy cover crop × rotary band seedbed preparation was associated with weeds and cover crop had to be controlled directly after emergence.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- winterhardy cover crop × rotary band seedbed preparatione0
- Outcome
- weeds and cover crop had to be controlled directly after emergencee0
- Direction
- had to be controllede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Only in the combination of winterhardy cover crop × rotary band seedbed preparation, the weeds and cover crop had to be controlled directly after emergence of the sugar beet.”
The same questions in other papers
glyphosate · yield · Beta vulgaris (beet)Positive and negative results
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- no effect
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8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
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See all 10 papers →cover crop · growth · Beta vulgaris (beet)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
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tillage · weed · Beta vulgaris (beet)Positive and negative results
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See all 10 papers →nitrogen · quality: general · Beta vulgaris (beet)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 15 in the opposite direction
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See all 23 papers →organic · weed · Beta vulgaris (beet)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.