Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is a physiological process to remove redundant or harmful cells, for the development of multicellular organisms, or for restricting the spread of pathogens (hypersensitive response). Metacaspases are cysteine-dependent proteases which play an essential role in PCD. Triticum aestivum metacaspase 4 (TaMCA4) is a type II metacaspase gene cloned from 'Suwon11' wheat, with typical structural features such as peptidase C14 caspase domain and a long linker sequence between the two subunits. Transient expression of TaMCA4 in tobacco leaves failed to induce PCD directly but enhanced cell death triggered by a mouse Bax gene or a candidate effector gene from Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. Enhancement of PCD was also observed in wheat leaves co-bombarded with TaMCA4. When challenged with the avirulent race of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici, the expression level of TaMCA4 in wheat leaves was sharply upregulated, whereas the transcript level was not significantly induced by the virulent race. Moreover, knocking down TaMCA4 expression by virus-induced gene silencing enhanced the susceptibility of Suwon11 to the avirulent race of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici and reduced the necrotic area at infection sites.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
TaMCA4 is a cloned type II metacaspase with a caspase domain and long linker.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Material
- Suwon11e0
- Gene
- TaMCA4e0
- Outcome
- type II metacaspase genee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Triticum aestivum metacaspase 4 (TaMCA4) is a type II metacaspase gene cloned from 'Suwon11' wheat, with typical structural features such as peptidase C14 caspase domain and a long linker sequence between the two subunits”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Transient TaMCA4 expression in tobacco did not directly induce cell death.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacume0 - Treatment
- Transient expression of TaMCA4e0
- Gene
- TaMCA4e0
- Outcome
- PCDe0
- Direction
- failed to inducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transient expression of TaMCA4 in tobacco leaves failed to induce PCD directly”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
TaMCA4 enhanced cell death triggered by mouse Bax.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume1
- Gene
- Baxe0
- Outcome
- cell deathe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced cell death triggered by a mouse Bax gene”
e1“Transient expression of TaMCA4 in tobacco leaves failed to induce PCD directly”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
TaMCA4 enhanced cell death triggered by a fungal candidate effector.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume1
- Interactor
- Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici
Puccinia striiformis f. sp. triticie0pathogen - Outcome
- cell deathe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced cell death triggered by a mouse Bax gene or a candidate effector gene from Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici”
e1“Transient expression of TaMCA4 in tobacco leaves failed to induce PCD directly”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
TaMCA4 co-bombardment enhanced cell death in wheat leaves.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- co-bombarded with TaMCA4e0
- Gene
- TaMCA4e0
- Outcome
- PCDe0
- Direction
- Enhancemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Enhancement of PCD was also observed in wheat leaves co-bombarded with TaMCA4”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
An avirulent stripe-rust race sharply upregulated TaMCA4 expression.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- TaMCA4e0
- Outcome
- expression level of TaMCA4e0
- Direction
- sharply upregulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the expression level of TaMCA4 in wheat leaves was sharply upregulated”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
A virulent stripe-rust race did not significantly induce TaMCA4 transcripts.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- transcript levele0
- Direction
- not significantly inducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the transcript level was not significantly induced by the virulent race”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing TaMCA4 increased Suwon11 susceptibility to an avirulent stripe-rust race.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Suwon11e0
- Treatment
- virus-induced gene silencinge0
- Interactor
- P. striiformis f. sp. triticiPuccinia striiformis f. sp. triticie0pathogen
- Gene
- TaMCA4e0
- Outcome
- susceptibility of Suwon11e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“knocking down TaMCA4 expression by virus-induced gene silencing enhanced the susceptibility of Suwon11 to the avirulent race of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing TaMCA4 reduced the necrotic infection area.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- necrotic area at infection sitese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced the necrotic area at infection sites”
t0“Wheat”
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See all 18 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.