Abstract
Soil washing with acidic chelators followed by liming is under consideration for remediating multi-metal contaminated soils. This technique was tested by pot experiments with a mixture of chelators (MC) as a washing agent. After washing and liming treatments, corn (Zea mays L.) was planted to assess bioavailability of heavy metals. A phytoextraction with Sedum alfredii was additionally performed after corn harvest to further decrease heavy metals in the soil. The results showed that the concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Zn in the corn grain with the washing treatment were still higher than the food standard limits in China, and liming the washed soil did not effectively decrease Cd and Pb concentrations in the corn grain. Liming the washed soil significantly increased heavy metals concentrations in leachate. The concentrations of Cd, Pb, Zn, and Cu in S. alfredii after washing were increased by 42.8, 51.2, 7.3, and 25.8%, respectively, compared to nonwashed soils. Phytoextraction rates of Cd and Zn by one crop of S. alfredii after soil washing were 47.8 and 9.82%, respectively, of the soil total metal. The phytoextraction of soils with S. alfredii, and also the liming treatment alone without phytoextraction or washing, were able to reduce exchangeable heavy metal concentrations in soils. This study suggests that the bioavailability of heavy metals could still be high after washing, liming the washed soil may release the adsorbed metal-chelates, and the phytoextraction by S. alfredii after soil washing is an effective approach to deplete the mobile Cd activated by soil washing.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
After washing, corn grain Cd, Pb and Zn concentrations exceeded food standard limits in China.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- washing treatmente0
- Outcome
- concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Zn in the corn graine0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- food standard limits in Chinae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that the concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Zn in the corn grain with the washing treatment were still higher than the food standard limits in China”
Claim · model-written summary
Liming washed soil did not effectively decrease corn grain Cd and Pb concentrations.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- liming the washed soile0
- Outcome
- Cd and Pb concentrations in the corn graine0
- Direction
- did not effectively decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“liming the washed soil did not effectively decrease Cd and Pb concentrations in the corn grain”
e1“corn (Zea mays L.) was planted”
Claim · model-written summary
Liming washed soil significantly raised heavy metal concentrations in leachate.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- Liming the washed soile0
- Outcome
- heavy metals concentrations in leachatee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Liming the washed soil significantly increased heavy metals concentrations in leachate”
e1“corn (Zea mays L.) was planted”
Claim · model-written summary
Washing raised Cd concentration in S. alfredii by 42.8%.
Verbatim
e0“The concentrations of Cd, Pb, Zn, and Cu in S. alfredii after washing were increased by 42.8, 51.2, 7.3, and 25.8%, respectively, compared to nonwashed soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Washing raised Pb concentration in S. alfredii by 51.2%.
Verbatim
e0“The concentrations of Cd, Pb, Zn, and Cu in S. alfredii after washing were increased by 42.8, 51.2, 7.3, and 25.8%, respectively, compared to nonwashed soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Washing raised Zn concentration in S. alfredii by 7.3%.
Verbatim
e0“The concentrations of Cd, Pb, Zn, and Cu in S. alfredii after washing were increased by 42.8, 51.2, 7.3, and 25.8%, respectively, compared to nonwashed soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Washing raised Cu concentration in S. alfredii by 25.8%.
Verbatim
e0“The concentrations of Cd, Pb, Zn, and Cu in S. alfredii after washing were increased by 42.8, 51.2, 7.3, and 25.8%, respectively, compared to nonwashed soils”
Claim · model-written summary
One S. alfredii crop extracted 47.8% of total soil Cd after washing.
- Taxon
- S. alfrediiSedum alfrediie0
- Treatment
- soil washinge0
- Outcome
- Phytoextraction rates of Cde0
- Value
- 47.8e0
Verbatim
e0“Phytoextraction rates of Cd and Zn by one crop of S. alfredii after soil washing were 47.8 and 9.82%, respectively, of the soil total metal”
Claim · model-written summary
One S. alfredii crop extracted 9.82% of total soil Zn after washing.
- Taxon
- S. alfrediiSedum alfrediie0
- Treatment
- soil washinge0
- Outcome
- Zne0
- Value
- 9.82%e0
Verbatim
e0“Phytoextraction rates of Cd and Zn by one crop of S. alfredii after soil washing were 47.8 and 9.82%, respectively, of the soil total metal”
Claim · model-written summary
S. alfredii phytoextraction reduced exchangeable heavy metals in soil.
- Taxon
- S. alfrediiSedum alfrediie0
- Treatment
- phytoextraction of soils with S. alfrediie0
- Outcome
- exchangeable heavy metal concentrations in soilse0
- Direction
- reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The phytoextraction of soils with S. alfredii, and also the liming treatment alone without phytoextraction or washing, were able to reduce exchangeable heavy metal concentrations in soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Liming alone reduced exchangeable heavy metals in soil.
- Taxon
- S. alfrediiSedum alfrediie0
- Treatment
- liming treatment alonee0
- Outcome
- exchangeable heavy metal concentrations in soilse0
- Direction
- reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The phytoextraction of soils with S. alfredii, and also the liming treatment alone without phytoextraction or washing, were able to reduce exchangeable heavy metal concentrations in soils”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors consider postwashing S. alfredii phytoextraction effective for depleting mobile Cd.
- Taxon
- S. alfrediiSedum alfrediie0
- Outcome
- phytoextraction by S. alfredii after soil washinge0
Verbatim
e0“the phytoextraction by S. alfredii after soil washing is an effective approach to deplete the mobile Cd activated by soil washing”
The same questions in other papers
lime · nutrient: content · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
23 papers in the same direction as this paper · 71 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
91 papers more in this group
See all 95 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.